@@ -266,19 +266,16 @@ z-rotated
266266 :angle " -90° (270°)"
267267 :effect " Rotate 90° CW"
268268 :example (str " (" (format " %.1f" (:real rotated-neg-90)) " , " (format " %.1f" (:imag rotated-neg-90)) " )" )}
269- {:multiply-by ( kind/md " $e^{i \\ theta}$ " )
269+ {:multiply-by " Any unit circle point "
270270 :angle " θ"
271271 :effect " Rotate by θ"
272272 :example (str " (" (format " %.1f" (:real z-rotated)) " , " (format " %.1f" (:imag z-rotated)) " )" )}])
273273
274274; ; **Key insight:** Any number on the unit circle (magnitude 1) performs a pure rotation.
275- ; ; Multiplication by $e^{i\theta}$ rotates by angle θ.
276275; ;
277276; ; **Why this matters for Fourier transforms:**
278277; ; - Addition = superposition of rotations
279278; ; - Multiplication = compose rotations (rotate by the angle, scale by magnitude)
280- ; ; - $e^{i\theta}$ = rotation by angle $\theta$
281- ; ; - $e^{i\theta_1} \times e^{i\theta_2} = e^{i(\theta_1+\theta_2)}$ — angles add!
282279; ;
283280; ; The algebra **matches the geometry**. Complex numbers aren't just a 2D plane with
284281; ; coordinates—they're an **algebraic structure that embodies rotation**.
@@ -300,6 +297,10 @@ z-rotated
300297; ;
301298; ; We'll use this notation when we write the DFT formula, but remember: it's describing the
302299; ; same geometric rotation we've been visualizing.
300+ ; ;
301+ ; ; **Now the compact notation makes sense:** Any number on the unit circle can be written
302+ ; ; as $e^{i\theta}$ for some angle $\theta$. Multiplication by $e^{i\theta}$ rotates by angle θ,
303+ ; ; and the algebra reflects the geometry: $e^{i\theta_1} \times e^{i\theta_2} = e^{i(\theta_1+\theta_2)}$ — angles add!
303304
304305; ; ## Different Speeds: The Frequency Spectrum
305306
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