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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "58f3c807",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Python Exercises - Medium Level\n",
+    "\n",
+    "These exercises test intermediate Python concepts including:\n",
+    "- Functions with multiple parameters and return values\n",
+    "- List comprehensions\n",
+    "- Dictionary operations\n",
+    "- Advanced string manipulation\n",
+    "- Nested loops and conditionals\n",
+    "- Working with multiple data structures\n",
+    "\n",
+    "**Instructions:** Complete each exercise by writing Python code in the provided cells."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "2eaf75cb",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 1: Function with Multiple Return Values\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `analyze_numbers` that:\n",
+    "- Takes a list of numbers as input\n",
+    "- Returns a tuple containing: (sum, average, maximum, minimum)\n",
+    "- Test with the list: [4, 7, 2, 9, 1, 6, 8, 3]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "beb2582b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "(40, 5.0, 9, 1)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def analyze_numbers(numbers):\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    total = sum(numbers)\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    avg = total /len(numbers)\n",
+    "    maximum = max(numbers)\n",
+    "    minimun = min(numbers)\n",
+    "    return total, avg, maximum, minimun\n",
+    "\n",
+    "test_list = [4, 7, 2, 9, 1, 6, 8, 3]\n",
+    "result = analyze_numbers(test_list)\n",
+    "print(result)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "32aa97ad",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 2: List Comprehension Challenge\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Given the list `numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]`, create the following using list comprehensions:\n",
+    "- A list of squares of all even numbers\n",
+    "- A list of numbers divisible by 3\n",
+    "- A list of strings saying \"[number] is odd\" for odd numbers only"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "8745c171",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[3, 6, 9] is odd\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "n = [m for m in range(1, len(numbers)) if m % 3 == 0]\n",
+    "print(n , \"is odd\")\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "e21948e9",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 3: Dictionary Operations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Create a dictionary called `student_grades` with the following data:\n",
+    "- \"Alice\": [85, 90, 78, 92]\n",
+    "- \"Bob\": [76, 88, 81, 79]\n",
+    "- \"Charlie\": [92, 95, 87, 91]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function that:\n",
+    "- Calculates the average grade for each student\n",
+    "- Returns a new dictionary with student names as keys and average grades as values\n",
+    "- Finds and prints the student with the highest average"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "id": "b1f8c090",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Average Grades :  {'Alice': 86.25, 'Bob': 81.0, 'Charlie': 91.25}\n",
+      "Highest Average :  91.25\n",
+      "Top Student :  ['Charlie']\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "student_grades = {\n",
+    "    \"Alice\" : [85, 90, 78, 92],\n",
+    "    \"Bob\" : [76, 88, 81, 79],\n",
+    "    \"Charlie\" : [92, 95, 87, 91]\n",
+    "}\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def calculate_avg_grades(grades_dict):\n",
+    "    average = {}\n",
+    "    for student, grades in grades_dict.items():\n",
+    "        average[student] = sum(grades) / len(grades)\n",
+    "    return average\n",
+    "\n",
+    "avg_grades = calculate_avg_grades(student_grades)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "highest_avg = max(avg_grades.values())\n",
+    "top_students = [student for student, avg in avg_grades.items() if avg == highest_avg]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"Average Grades : \", avg_grades)\n",
+    "print(\"Highest Average : \", highest_avg)\n",
+    "print(\"Top Student : \", top_students)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "34bc3073",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 4: String Processing\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `word_frequency` that:\n",
+    "- Takes a sentence as input\n",
+    "- Returns a dictionary with each word as a key and its frequency as the value\n",
+    "- Words should be case-insensitive\n",
+    "- Test with: \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog the dog was lazy\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "245662f1",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "{'the': 3, 'quick': 1, 'brown': 1, 'fox': 1, 'jumps': 1, 'over': 1, 'lazy': 2, 'dog': 2, 'was': 1}\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "def word_frequency(sentence):\n",
+    "   \n",
+    "   sentence = sentence.lower()\n",
+    "   words = sentence.split()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   frequency = {}\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   for word in words:\n",
+    "        if word in frequency :\n",
+    "            frequency[word] += 1\n",
+    "        else:\n",
+    "            frequency[word] = 1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "   return frequency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Test_sentence = \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog the dog was lazy\"\n",
+    "print(word_frequency(Test_sentence))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "fc1dcd37",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 5: Nested Loops and Pattern\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `multiplication_table` that:\n",
+    "- Takes a number `n` as input\n",
+    "- Prints a multiplication table from 1 to n\n",
+    "- Format the output nicely with proper alignment\n",
+    "- Test with n = 5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "9305e600",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "5 x 1 = 5\n",
+      "5 x 2 = 10\n",
+      "5 x 3 = 15\n",
+      "5 x 4 = 20\n",
+      "5 x 5 = 25\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def multiplication_table():\n",
+    "    n = int(input(\"Enter a number : \"))\n",
+    "    for i in range(1, n+1):\n",
+    "        print(f\"{n} x {i} = {n*i}\") \n",
+    "        \n",
+    "multiplication_table()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "b9ba0917",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 6: List Manipulation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `remove_duplicates` that:\n",
+    "- Takes a list as input\n",
+    "- Returns a new list with duplicates removed while preserving the original order\n",
+    "- Don't use the set() function\n",
+    "- Test with: [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1, 6]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "725abfbc",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def remove_duplicates():\n",
+    "    li = list(map(int,input(\"Enter a list : \").split()))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    new_list = []\n",
+    "    for i in li:\n",
+    "        if i not in new_list:\n",
+    "            new_list.append(i)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return new_list\n",
+    "print(remove_duplicates())\n",
+    "    "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "fabb21b6",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    " Question 7: Advanced String Formatting\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Given the following data about products:\n",
+    "```python\n",
+    "products = [\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 999.99, \"quantity\": 5},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Mouse\", \"price\": 25.50, \"quantity\": 20},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Keyboard\", \"price\": 75.00, \"quantity\": 15}\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Create a formatted report that shows:\n",
+    "- Product name\n",
+    "- Price\n",
+    "- Quantity\n",
+    "- Total value (price × quantity, right-aligned, 2 decimal places)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "id": "cb37822a",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Product name   Price     Quantity      Total Value\n",
+      "__________________________________________________\n",
+      "Laptop         999.99    5         4999.95        \n",
+      "Mouse          25.50     20        510.00         \n",
+      "Keyboard       75.00     15        1125.00        \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "products = [\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 999.99, \"quantity\": 5},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Mouse\", \"price\": 25.50, \"quantity\": 20},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Keyboard\", \"price\": 75.00, \"quantity\": 15}\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(f\"{'Product name':<15}{'Price':<10}{'Quantity':<10}{'Total Value':>15}\")\n",
+    "print(\"_\" * 50)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for p in products:\n",
+    "    total_value = p['price']*p['quantity']\n",
+    "    print(f\"{p['name']:<15}{p['price']:<10.2f}{p['quantity']:<10}{total_value:<15.2f}\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "f2458f23",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 8: Function as Parameter\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `apply_operation` that:\n",
+    "- Takes a list of numbers and a function as parameters\n",
+    "- Applies the function to each number in the list\n",
+    "- Returns a new list with the results\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Then create two simple functions:\n",
+    "- `square(x)`: returns x squared\n",
+    "- `cube(x)`: returns x cubed\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Test `apply_operation` with both functions using the list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "id": "e6694ca2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Squared :  [1, 4, 9, 16]\n",
+      "Cubed :  [1, 8, 27, 64]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def apply_function(numbers, func):\n",
+    "    result = []\n",
+    "    for n in numbers:\n",
+    "        result.append(func(n))\n",
+    "    return result\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def square(x):\n",
+    "    return x ** 2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def cube(x):\n",
+    "    return x ** 3\n",
+    "\n",
+    "nums = [1, 2, 3,4]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "squared = apply_function(nums, square)\n",
+    "print(\"Squared : \", squared)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "cubed = apply_function(nums, cube)\n",
+    "print(\"Cubed : \", cubed)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "501a6617",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 9: Data Processing Challenge\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Given a list of dictionaries representing students:\n",
+    "```python\n",
+    "students = [\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 20, \"major\": \"Computer Science\", \"gpa\": 3.8},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Bob\", \"age\": 19, \"major\": \"Mathematics\", \"gpa\": 3.6},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Charlie\", \"age\": 21, \"major\": \"Computer Science\", \"gpa\": 3.9},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Diana\", \"age\": 20, \"major\": \"Physics\", \"gpa\": 3.7}\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write functions to:\n",
+    "1. Find all students with GPA above 3.7\n",
+    "2. Group students by major\n",
+    "3. Find the average age of students in each major"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "id": "d30a94a9",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Students with GPA > 3.7 : \n",
+      "[{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 20, 'major': 'Computer Science', 'gpa': 3.8}, {'name': 'Charlie', 'age': 21, 'major': 'Computer Science', 'gpa': 3.9}]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Grouped by major : \n",
+      "{'Computer Science': [{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 20, 'major': 'Computer Science', 'gpa': 3.8}]}\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Average_age_by_major : \n",
+      "{'Computer Science': 20.0}\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "students = [\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 20, \"major\": \"Computer Science\", \"gpa\": 3.8},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Bob\", \"age\": 19, \"major\": \"Mathematics\", \"gpa\": 3.6},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Charlie\", \"age\": 21, \"major\": \"Computer Science\", \"gpa\": 3.9},\n",
+    "    {\"name\": \"Diana\", \"age\": 20, \"major\": \"Physics\", \"gpa\": 3.7}\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def student_with_high_gpa(students,threshold=3.7):\n",
+    "    return [s for s in students if s[\"gpa\"] > threshold]\n",
+    "def group_by_major(students):\n",
+    "    grouped = {}\n",
+    "    for s in students:\n",
+    "        grouped.setdefault(s[\"major\"], []).append(s)\n",
+    "        return grouped\n",
+    "def average_age_by_major(students):\n",
+    "    grouped = group_by_major(students)\n",
+    "    return {major: sum(s[\"age\"] for  s in group) / len(group) for major, group in grouped.items()}\n",
+    "print(\"Students with GPA > 3.7 : \")\n",
+    "print(student_with_high_gpa(students))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"\\nGrouped by major : \")\n",
+    "print(group_by_major(students))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"\\nAverage_age_by_major : \")\n",
+    "print(average_age_by_major(students))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "58f3fcde",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Question 10: Password Validator\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Write a function called `validate_password` that checks if a password meets these criteria:\n",
+    "- At least 8 characters long\n",
+    "- Contains at least one uppercase letter\n",
+    "- Contains at least one lowercase letter\n",
+    "- Contains at least one digit\n",
+    "- Contains at least one special character (!@#$%^&*)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The function should return a dictionary with:\n",
+    "- \"valid\": True/False\n",
+    "- \"messages\": List of specific requirements that failed\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Test with passwords: \"Password123!\", \"weak\", \"NoDigits!\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "id": "27ef3283",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "{'valid': True, 'messages': []}\n",
+      "{'valid': False, 'messages': ['Password must be at least 8 characters long', 'Password must contain at least one upper case letter', 'Password must contain at least one digit', 'Password must contain at least one special character (!@#$%^&*)']}\n",
+      "{'valid': False, 'messages': ['Password must contain at least one digit']}\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import re \n",
+    "\n",
+    "def validate_password(password):\n",
+    "    messages = []\n",
+    "    special_characters = \"!@#$%^&*\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    if len(password) < 8:\n",
+    "        messages.append(\"Password must be at least 8 characters long\")\n",
+    "    if not any(c.isupper() for c in password):\n",
+    "        messages.append(\"Password must contain at least one upper case letter\")\n",
+    "    if not any(c.islower() for c in password):\n",
+    "        messages.append(\"Password must contain at least one lower case letter\")\n",
+    "    if not any(c.isdigit() for c in password):\n",
+    "        messages.append(\"Password must contain at least one digit\")\n",
+    "    if not any(c in special_characters for c in password):  \n",
+    "        messages.append(\"Password must contain at least one special character (!@#$%^&*)\")\n",
+    "    return {\n",
+    "        \"valid\" : len(messages) == 0, \n",
+    "        \"messages\" : messages\n",
+    "    }\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(validate_password(\"Password123!\"))\n",
+    "print(validate_password(\"weak\"))\n",
+    "print(validate_password(\"NoDigit!\"))\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.11.6"
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+}