Strong error handling integration

[ccmcintyre-kingsds]

In service of more effective problem diagnosis and resolution, for both Bifrost developers and third-party users:

• Comprehensive and specific cross-language error handling for Bifrost in both local interop and distributed workloads.
• Clear and concise messages communicating the nature (and possible resolution) of errors caused by Bifrost or Pyodide.
• Return Python error messages, with types and stacks, when thrown from within user scripts, and clearly indicate this source.

Relates to #91 (Strong debugging integration).
Relates to #95 (Strong testbed integration).