diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d76e7a72..6df294f5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -309,6 +309,7 @@ Format based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/).
 - **Settings language picker showed the wrong language** *(admin)* — the Settings → System language dropdown always showed the stored *system default*, so after switching the UI language with the per-session switcher the picker contradicted the language actually on screen (#271). It now reflects the currently effective locale (the session override if set, else the system default).
 
 ### Added
+- **Typed operator outputs can enforce a pass/fail quality gate** *(admin / operator)* — a `number`, `boolean` or `select` output can now carry an expected result (a min/max range, a required Yes, or a single passing option) alongside the existing "must be recorded" requirement. Recording a value that fails the configured criterion **automatically raises a blocking issue** (the existing in-process QC-fail type) on the work order, which stops the *next* station from starting until the issue is resolved — closing the gap where a required output only checked that *something* was recorded, never that the recorded value was actually good. No criterion configured = unchanged behaviour. `App\Observers\BatchStepOutputValueObserver` + `App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator`.
 - **Consumption is deducted from the workshop location it came off** — stock levels per storage location now reflect what production actually used. Allocation already moved the plant-wide quantity and the picked lot, but nothing said *where* the material physically was, so a plant running several stores could not tell which one had emptied.
   - **Each line names its stock location.** A production line gains a **Stock location** (Admin → Lines), picked from the raw-material warehouses. Optional: a plant that doesn't track stock per location leaves it unset and nothing changes.
   - **The location is resolved most-specific-first.** The **picked lot's** warehouse wins (it knows exactly where it sits), then the **line's** stock location, then the plant's **default raw-material** warehouse. Once a deduction has been made the location is **frozen on the allocation**, so a later correction always credits back the location that actually gave the material up — even if the lot has since been moved or the line re-pointed.
diff --git a/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/ProcessTemplateManagementController.php b/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/ProcessTemplateManagementController.php
index 05cd3573..f62bfc83 100644
--- a/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/ProcessTemplateManagementController.php
+++ b/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/ProcessTemplateManagementController.php
@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@ public function show(ProductType $productType, ProcessTemplate $processTemplate)
                     'unit' => $o->unit,
                     'options' => $o->options ?? [],
                     'is_required' => (bool) $o->is_required,
+                    'expected_min' => $o->expected_min === null ? null : (float) $o->expected_min,
+                    'expected_max' => $o->expected_max === null ? null : (float) $o->expected_max,
+                    'expected_value' => $o->expected_value,
                 ]),
             ],
             'workstations' => $workstations->map(fn ($w) => [
diff --git a/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php b/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php
index dcbbb9f0..874b7335 100644
--- a/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php
+++ b/backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ public function store(
             'unit' => $request->validated('unit'),
             'options' => $request->validated('options'),
             'is_required' => $request->boolean('is_required'),
+            'expected_min' => $request->validated('expected_min'),
+            'expected_max' => $request->validated('expected_max'),
+            'expected_value' => $request->validated('expected_value'),
             'sort_order' => ($processTemplate->outputs()->where('template_step_id', $stepId)->max('sort_order') ?? 0) + 1,
         ]);
 
diff --git a/backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php b/backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php
index 599cd47b..a48f21b2 100644
--- a/backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php
+++ b/backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ public function rules(): array
             'options' => ['nullable', 'array'],
             'options.*' => ['string', 'max:255'],
             'is_required' => ['sometimes', 'boolean'],
+            'expected_min' => ['nullable', 'numeric'],
+            'expected_max' => ['nullable', 'numeric', 'gte:expected_min'],
+            'expected_value' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
         ];
     }
 
diff --git a/backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php b/backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php
index f4504e05..5ff78e01 100644
--- a/backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php
+++ b/backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ class TemplateStepOutput extends Model
         'options',
         'is_required',
         'sort_order',
+        'expected_min',
+        'expected_max',
+        'expected_value',
     ];
 
     protected function casts(): array
@@ -57,6 +60,8 @@ protected function casts(): array
             'options' => 'array',
             'is_required' => 'boolean',
             'sort_order' => 'integer',
+            'expected_min' => 'decimal:4',
+            'expected_max' => 'decimal:4',
         ];
     }
 
@@ -74,4 +79,16 @@ public function values(): HasMany
     {
         return $this->hasMany(BatchStepOutputValue::class, 'output_id');
     }
+
+    /**
+     * True when this output has a configured pass criterion. Callers (the
+     * OutputGateEvaluator) treat "no criterion" as "always passes" — the
+     * required-field gate (is_required) is unaffected either way.
+     */
+    public function hasExpectedResult(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->expected_min !== null
+            || $this->expected_max !== null
+            || $this->expected_value !== null;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php b/backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fdf2b850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Observers;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\Issue;
+use App\Models\IssueType;
+use App\Services\IssueService;
+use App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+/**
+ * A recorded output that fails its configured expected result
+ * (TemplateStepOutput expected_min/expected_max/expected_value) auto-raises a
+ * blocking Issue on the work order — reusing WorkOrder::isBlocked() /
+ * BatchStep::canStart() (BatchStep.php:311-322) rather than inventing new
+ * blocking logic. An open blocking Issue on a work order already stops every
+ * step's canStart() on that order, so this is the whole enforcement mechanism.
+ * Best-effort like the sibling BatchStepEventObserver: a throwing evaluator or
+ * issue-service call must never break the operator's save.
+ */
+class BatchStepOutputValueObserver
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly OutputGateEvaluator $evaluator,
+        private readonly IssueService $issues,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function created(BatchStepOutputValue $value): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $value->loadMissing(['output', 'batchStep.batch']);
+
+            if ($this->evaluator->passes($value)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $issueType = IssueType::where('code', 'IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL')->first();
+
+            if (! $issueType) {
+                Log::warning('Quality gate failed but IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL issue type is missing — no issue raised', [
+                    'batch_step_output_value_id' => $value->id,
+                ]);
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $this->issues->createIssue([
+                'work_order_id' => $value->batchStep->batch->work_order_id,
+                'batch_step_id' => $value->batch_step_id,
+                'issue_type_id' => $issueType->id,
+                'source' => Issue::SOURCE_IN_PROCESS,
+                'title' => __('Quality gate failed: :label', ['label' => $value->output->label]),
+                'description' => __('Recorded value did not meet the expected result configured for this step.'),
+                'reported_by_id' => $value->recorded_by_id,
+            ]);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('BatchStepOutputValue quality-gate hook failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php b/backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
index 328cfc0e..f7c882b2 100644
--- a/backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
+++ b/backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
@@ -150,6 +150,12 @@ public function boot(): void
         // changes no work_orders column — watch them for the schedule hook too.
         \App\Models\WorkOrderPlacement::observe(\App\Observers\WorkOrderPlacementEventObserver::class);
 
+        // Quality gates (#quality-gate): a recorded output that fails its
+        // configured expected result auto-raises a blocking Issue, which the
+        // existing WorkOrder::isBlocked()/BatchStep::canStart() checks already
+        // use to stop the next station — see BatchStepOutputValueObserver.
+        \App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue::observe(\App\Observers\BatchStepOutputValueObserver::class);
+
         // Generic CRUD hook: one wildcard Eloquent listener re-dispatches
         // ResourceChanged for every curated resource (SoftDeleteRegistry::MODELS)
         // so a module can hook any create/update/delete without per-model wiring.
diff --git a/backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php b/backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae4d21e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\WorkOrder;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Answers "did this recorded value meet its station's pass criterion?" — the
+ * piece that was missing before #quality-gate: a required output only ever
+ * checked "was something recorded", never "was the recorded thing good". No
+ * criterion configured on the output = always passes (today's behaviour,
+ * unchanged). text/date/picture outputs have no gate support in v1.
+ */
+class OutputGateEvaluator
+{
+    public function passes(BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        $output = $value->output;
+
+        if (! $output || ! $output->hasExpectedResult()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return match ($output->value_type) {
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_BOOLEAN => $this->passesBoolean($output, $value),
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_NUMBER => $this->passesNumber($output, $value),
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_SELECT => $this->passesSelect($output, $value),
+            default => true,
+        };
+    }
+
+    private function passesBoolean(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        $expected = filter_var($output->expected_value, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+
+        return $value->value_boolean === $expected;
+    }
+
+    private function passesNumber(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        if ($value->value_number === null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $recorded = (float) $value->value_number;
+
+        if ($output->expected_min !== null && $recorded < (float) $output->expected_min) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($output->expected_max !== null && $recorded > (float) $output->expected_max) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function passesSelect(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        return $value->value_text === $output->expected_value;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php b/backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..818a01c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * Optional pass criterion for a typed operator output (#quality-gate). A number
+ * output can set expected_min/expected_max (either or both — one-sided bounds
+ * are fine); a boolean or select output sets expected_value (boolean: '1'/'0';
+ * select: the single passing option string). Null on all three = no gate,
+ * current "must be recorded" behaviour is unchanged. Evaluated by
+ * App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator on every recorded value.
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('template_step_outputs', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->decimal('expected_min', 12, 4)->nullable()->after('options');
+            $table->decimal('expected_max', 12, 4)->nullable()->after('expected_min');
+            $table->string('expected_value', 255)->nullable()->after('expected_max');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('template_step_outputs', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn(['expected_min', 'expected_max', 'expected_value']);
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx b/backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx
index 7aa9c7d3..f57b2090 100644
--- a/backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx
+++ b/backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx
@@ -564,7 +564,10 @@ function StepInstructionsEditor({ step, productType, processTemplate }) {
 
     const outputsBase = `/admin/product-types/${productType.id}/process-templates/${processTemplate.id}/outputs`;
     const outputs = (processTemplate.outputs ?? []).filter((o) => o.template_step_id === step.id);
-    const outputForm = useForm({ key: '', label: '', value_type: 'text', unit: '', options: '', is_required: false, template_step_id: step.id });
+    const outputForm = useForm({
+        key: '', label: '', value_type: 'text', unit: '', options: '', is_required: false,
+        expected_min: '', expected_max: '', expected_value: '', template_step_id: step.id,
+    });
 
     const addOutput = (e) => {
         e.preventDefault();
@@ -577,7 +580,7 @@ function StepInstructionsEditor({ step, productType, processTemplate }) {
         }));
         outputForm.post(outputsBase, {
             preserveScroll: true,
-            onSuccess: () => outputForm.reset('key', 'label', 'unit', 'options', 'is_required'),
+            onSuccess: () => outputForm.reset('key', 'label', 'unit', 'options', 'is_required', 'expected_min', 'expected_max', 'expected_value'),
             onFinish: () => outputForm.transform((d) => d),
         });
     };
@@ -697,6 +700,16 @@ function StepInstructionsEditor({ step, productType, processTemplate }) {
                                 <span className="font-mono text-[10px] text-om-muted">{o.key}</span>
                                 <span className="text-[10px] uppercase px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-om-chip text-om-muted">{o.value_type}</span>
                                 {o.is_required && <span className="text-[10px] uppercase text-om-downtime">{__('required')}</span>}
+                                {(o.expected_min !== null || o.expected_max !== null) && (
+                                    <span className="text-[10px] uppercase px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-om-chip text-om-muted">
+                                        {__('pass')}: {o.expected_min ?? '–'}–{o.expected_max ?? '–'}
+                                    </span>
+                                )}
+                                {o.expected_value && (
+                                    <span className="text-[10px] uppercase px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-om-chip text-om-muted">
+                                        {__('pass')}: {o.expected_value}
+                                    </span>
+                                )}
                                 <button type="button" onClick={() => router.delete(`${outputsBase}/${o.id}`, { preserveScroll: true })} className="text-xs text-om-blocked hover:underline ml-auto">{__('Remove')}</button>
                             </li>
                         ))}
@@ -734,6 +747,40 @@ function StepInstructionsEditor({ step, productType, processTemplate }) {
                             <TextField value={outputForm.data.options} onChange={(v) => outputForm.setData('options', v)} placeholder={__('options, comma-separated')} aria-label={__('options, comma-separated')} />
                         </div>
                     )}
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'number' && (
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
+                            <div className="w-[80px]">
+                                <TextField type="number" value={outputForm.data.expected_min} onChange={(v) => outputForm.setData('expected_min', v)} placeholder={__('pass min')} aria-label={__('pass min')} />
+                            </div>
+                            <span className="text-xs text-om-muted">–</span>
+                            <div className="w-[80px]">
+                                <TextField type="number" value={outputForm.data.expected_max} onChange={(v) => outputForm.setData('expected_max', v)} placeholder={__('pass max')} aria-label={__('pass max')} />
+                            </div>
+                        </span>
+                    )}
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'boolean' && (
+                        <Checkbox
+                            size="sm"
+                            checked={outputForm.data.expected_value === '1'}
+                            onChange={(next) => outputForm.setData('expected_value', next ? '1' : '')}
+                            label={__('Must be Yes to pass')}
+                        />
+                    )}
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'select' && outputForm.data.options.trim() !== '' && (
+                        <Dropdown
+                            size="sm"
+                            className="min-w-[140px]"
+                            value={outputForm.data.expected_value}
+                            onChange={(v) => outputForm.setData('expected_value', v ?? '')}
+                            options={[
+                                { value: '', label: __('No pass criterion') },
+                                ...outputForm.data.options.split(',').map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean).map((opt) => ({
+                                    value: opt, label: __('Pass: :option', { option: opt }),
+                                })),
+                            ]}
+                            aria-label={__('Pass criterion')}
+                        />
+                    )}
                     <Checkbox
                         size="sm"
                         checked={outputForm.data.is_required}
diff --git a/backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php b/backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45e25b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\Batch;
+use App\Models\BatchStep;
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\Issue;
+use App\Models\IssueType;
+use App\Models\Line;
+use App\Models\ProcessTemplate;
+use App\Models\ProductType;
+use App\Models\TemplateStep;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\WorkOrder;
+use App\Services\IssueService;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * End-to-end regression for #quality-gate: a recorded value that fails its
+ * output's expected result must raise a blocking Issue and stop the *next*
+ * BatchStep from starting — reusing WorkOrder::isBlocked()/BatchStep::canStart(),
+ * not a new mechanism. Mirrors the manual browser test run against
+ * WO-YB1-TEST-FAIL that discovered the gap this plan closes.
+ */
+class QualityGateEnforcementTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private User $operator;
+
+    private Batch $batch;
+
+    private BatchStep $step1;
+
+    private BatchStep $step2;
+
+    private TemplateStepOutput $gatedOutput;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        foreach (['Admin', 'Supervisor', 'Operator'] as $r) {
+            Role::create(['name' => $r, 'guard_name' => 'web']);
+        }
+        $this->operator = tap(User::factory()->create(), fn ($u) => $u->assignRole('Operator'));
+
+        IssueType::create([
+            'code' => 'IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL', 'name' => 'In-process Quality — Control Failed',
+            'severity' => 'HIGH', 'is_blocking' => true, 'is_active' => true,
+        ]);
+
+        $line = Line::factory()->create();
+        $productType = ProductType::factory()->create();
+        $template = ProcessTemplate::factory()->create(['product_type_id' => $productType->id]);
+        $step1Def = TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 1, 'name' => 'Voltage Test']);
+        TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 2, 'name' => 'Top Balance']);
+
+        $this->gatedOutput = TemplateStepOutput::create([
+            'process_template_id' => $template->id, 'template_step_id' => $step1Def->id,
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'label' => 'Pack Voltage (V)', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'is_required' => true, 'expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25,
+        ]);
+
+        $workOrder = WorkOrder::factory()->create([
+            'line_id' => $line->id, 'product_type_id' => $productType->id,
+            'process_snapshot' => ['template_id' => $template->id],
+        ]);
+        $this->batch = Batch::factory()->create(['work_order_id' => $workOrder->id]);
+        // step1 is already DONE so step2's prerequisitesMet() (previous step
+        // DONE/SKIPPED) holds independently of the quality gate — isolating
+        // what this test actually exercises: WorkOrder::isBlocked() via the
+        // auto-raised Issue, not the unrelated sequential-step check. Recording
+        // a BatchStepOutputValue against an already-DONE step is unconstrained
+        // by design (see plan's "what this plan does not build").
+        $this->step1 = BatchStep::factory()->create([
+            'batch_id' => $this->batch->id, 'step_number' => 1, 'name' => 'Voltage Test',
+            'status' => BatchStep::STATUS_DONE,
+        ]);
+        $this->step2 = BatchStep::factory()->create([
+            'batch_id' => $this->batch->id, 'step_number' => 2, 'name' => 'Top Balance',
+            'status' => BatchStep::STATUS_PENDING,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_out_of_range_value_raises_a_blocking_issue_and_stops_the_next_step(): void
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'sanity: next step is startable before any value is recorded');
+
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 5.50, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $issue = Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($issue, 'expected an Issue to be auto-raised');
+        $this->assertSame('IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL', $issue->issueType->code);
+        $this->assertSame(Issue::STATUS_OPEN, $issue->status);
+        $this->assertSame(Issue::SOURCE_IN_PROCESS, $issue->source);
+
+        $this->assertSame(WorkOrder::STATUS_BLOCKED, $this->batch->fresh()->workOrder->status);
+        $this->assertFalse($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'the NEXT step must now be blocked');
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_in_range_value_raises_no_issue(): void
+    {
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 3.87, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->count());
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+    }
+
+    public function test_resolving_the_issue_unblocks_the_next_step(): void
+    {
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 5.50, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+        $this->assertFalse($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+
+        $issue = Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->firstOrFail();
+        app(IssueService::class)->resolveIssue($issue, 'Retested, voltage now in spec.');
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'resolving the blocking issue must unblock the next step');
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_output_with_no_configured_criterion_behaves_exactly_as_before(): void
+    {
+        $ungated = TemplateStepOutput::create([
+            'process_template_id' => $this->gatedOutput->process_template_id,
+            'template_step_id' => $this->gatedOutput->template_step_id,
+            'key' => 'note', 'label' => 'Note', 'value_type' => 'text',
+        ]);
+
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $ungated->id,
+            'value_text' => 'anything at all', 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, Issue::count());
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php b/backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php
index e0d551a9..abcce1b6 100644
--- a/backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php
+++ b/backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php
@@ -111,6 +111,44 @@ public function test_select_output_requires_options(): void
         ])->assertSessionHasErrors('options');
     }
 
+    public function test_admin_sets_a_number_range_criterion(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'label' => 'Pack Voltage', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'expected_min' => '3.20', 'expected_max' => '4.25',
+        ])->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('template_step_outputs', [
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'expected_min' => 3.2, 'expected_max' => 4.25,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_admin_sets_a_boolean_pass_criterion(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'passed', 'label' => 'Passed?', 'value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1',
+        ])->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('template_step_outputs', ['key' => 'passed', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_expected_max_below_expected_min_is_rejected(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'x', 'label' => 'X', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'expected_min' => '10', 'expected_max' => '5',
+        ])->assertSessionHasErrors('expected_max');
+    }
+
     public function test_operator_cannot_author_outputs(): void
     {
         $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
diff --git a/backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php b/backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2021e9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Unit;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class OutputGateEvaluatorTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private function evaluator(): OutputGateEvaluator
+    {
+        return new OutputGateEvaluator;
+    }
+
+    private function valueFor(TemplateStepOutput $output, array $attrs): BatchStepOutputValue
+    {
+        $value = new BatchStepOutputValue($attrs);
+        $value->setRelation('output', $output);
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function test_a_value_with_no_configured_criterion_always_passes(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'boolean']);
+        $value = $this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => false]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($value));
+    }
+
+    public function test_boolean_true_passes_when_true_is_expected(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => true])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => false])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_number_inside_the_range_passes(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'number', 'expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 3.87])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 5.50])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 3.10])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_number_range_can_be_one_sided(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'number', 'expected_min' => 0.0]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 100.0])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => -0.5])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_select_matches_the_single_passing_option(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'select', 'expected_value' => 'Release']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Release'])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Reject'])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Hold'])));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/tests/Unit/TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest.php b/backend/tests/Unit/TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6bb66e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/Unit/TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Unit;
+
+use App\Models\ProcessTemplate;
+use App\Models\ProductType;
+use App\Models\TemplateStep;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private function makeOutput(array $attrs = []): TemplateStepOutput
+    {
+        $productType = ProductType::factory()->create();
+        $template = ProcessTemplate::factory()->create(['product_type_id' => $productType->id]);
+        $step = TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 1]);
+
+        return TemplateStepOutput::create(array_merge([
+            'process_template_id' => $template->id,
+            'template_step_id' => $step->id,
+            'key' => 'output_test', 'label' => 'Test', 'value_type' => 'number',
+        ], $attrs));
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_without_a_criterion_has_no_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->makeOutput();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($output->hasExpectedResult());
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_with_a_number_range_has_an_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->makeOutput(['expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($output->hasExpectedResult());
+        $this->assertEqualsWithDelta(3.20, (float) $output->expected_min, 0.0001);
+        $this->assertEqualsWithDelta(4.25, (float) $output->expected_max, 0.0001);
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_with_a_boolean_criterion_has_an_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->makeOutput(['value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($output->hasExpectedResult());
+        $this->assertSame('1', $output->expected_value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-09-04-quality-gate-enforcement.md b/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-09-04-quality-gate-enforcement.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ff8557f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-09-04-quality-gate-enforcement.md
@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+# Quality Gate Enforcement Implementation Plan
+
+> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
+
+**Goal:** A recorded operator output that fails an admin-configured "expected result" (a boolean that should be `true`, a number outside a min/max range, or a select value other than the passing one) automatically raises a blocking `Issue`, which — via OpenMES's *existing* `WorkOrder::isBlocked()` / `BatchStep::canStart()` logic — stops the *next* station from starting. No new blocking mechanism is invented; this plan only adds the missing "was the recorded value actually good?" evaluation and wires it into the blocking system that already exists.
+
+**Architecture:** Three new columns on `template_step_outputs` (`expected_min`, `expected_max`, `expected_value`) hold the optional pass criterion per output. A new `OutputGateEvaluator` service reads a `BatchStepOutputValue` against its parent output's criterion and returns pass/fail. A new Eloquent observer on `BatchStepOutputValue::created` calls the evaluator and, on failure, calls the existing `IssueService::createIssue()` with the seeded `IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL` issue type — which is already `is_blocking = true` and already causes `IssueService::blockWorkOrder()` to run. Admin authoring (the React "Operator outputs" form) and the store/validation path gain three new optional fields to set the criterion.
+
+**Tech Stack:** Laravel 12 (PHP), Eloquent Observers, PHPUnit 11 (Feature tests), React + Inertia.js (admin authoring UI). Existing packages only — no new dependencies.
+
+**Spec:** This plan is self-contained; there is no separate spec document. The requirement traces directly to the Yotta Energy Tulip Phase 1 proposal's UAT criterion *"system prevents movement to Top Balance unless Voltage Test is passed"* and *"Failed quality checks route unit to defect/hold/rework flow and update unit status"* — verified as currently unmet by live testing on `D:\projects\Zmx-Projects\openmes` (cloned OpenMES v0.21.0, `Mes-Open/OpenMes`, work order `WO-YB1-TEST-FAIL`: every gated station accepted a recorded failure and the batch still reached `DONE` with zero blocking).
+
+## Global Constraints
+
+- PHP/Laravel conventions only — no new Composer or npm packages.
+- Every new PHP file needs a one-line class-level docblock explaining *why*, matching the existing style (see `BatchStepEventObserver`, `IssueService`).
+- Hooks that react to a model save must never break the underlying write: wrap in `try/catch`, `Log::warning()` on failure (mirrors `BatchStepEventObserver::updated()`).
+- Reuse `IssueService::createIssue()` for all Issue creation — do not call `Issue::create()` directly (it skips the blocking side-effect).
+- The seeded issue type is `IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL` (`backend/database/seeders/IssueTypesSeeder.php:79-85`, `is_blocking = true`). Do not create a new issue type for v1.
+- v1 supports gates on `boolean`, `number`, and `select` output types only. `text`, `date`, `picture` outputs are left ungated (return "pass" unconditionally) — YAGNI, no proposal station needs a text/date/picture pass criterion.
+- v1 supports exactly one passing value for `select` (not a set of passing values). If Yotta later needs multiple passing options, that's a follow-up migration, not part of this plan.
+- All new migrations follow the existing naming convention: `YYYY_MM_DD_HHMMSS_snake_case_description.php` (see `backend/database/migrations/2026_08_18_110000_create_template_step_outputs_table.php` for the sibling table this extends).
+- Run tests via: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=<TestClass>` (the stack is already running as `openmes-backend` et al. per `docker-compose.yml`). If working outside the container, `composer test` runs the full suite (`backend/composer.json:70-73`).
+
+---
+
+## File Structure
+
+| File | Responsibility |
+|---|---|
+| `backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php` | New (create) — adds `expected_min`, `expected_max`, `expected_value` columns |
+| `backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php` | Modify — fillable/casts for the 3 new columns, `hasExpectedResult()` helper |
+| `backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php` | New (create) — pure pass/fail evaluation, one method per gated type |
+| `backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php` | New (create) — unit tests for the evaluator, no DB/HTTP |
+| `backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php` | New (create) — reacts to `BatchStepOutputValue::created`, raises the Issue on fail |
+| `backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php` | Modify — register the new observer (`boot()`, next to the existing observer block at line 145) |
+| `backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php` | Modify — validation rules for the 3 new fields |
+| `backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php` | Modify — persist the 3 new fields on `store()` |
+| `backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx` | Modify — authoring form fields for the criterion, list badge showing it's configured |
+| `backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php` | Modify — add admin-authoring assertions for the new fields (mirrors existing tests in this file) |
+| `backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php` | New (create) — the end-to-end regression test: fail → Issue raised → next step blocked → resolve → unblocked |
+
+---
+
+## Task 1: Migration + Model — the expected-result columns
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php`
+- Modify: `backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php`
+- Test: `backend/tests/Unit/TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest.php`
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Produces: `TemplateStepOutput::hasExpectedResult(): bool`, and the fillable/cast columns `expected_min` (float|null), `expected_max` (float|null), `expected_value` (string|null) that Task 2's evaluator and Task 4's controller both read/write.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the failing test**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Unit;
+
+use App\Models\ProcessTemplate;
+use App\Models\ProductType;
+use App\Models\TemplateStep;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private function output(array $attrs = []): TemplateStepOutput
+    {
+        $productType = ProductType::factory()->create();
+        $template = ProcessTemplate::factory()->create(['product_type_id' => $productType->id]);
+        $step = TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 1]);
+
+        return TemplateStepOutput::create(array_merge([
+            'process_template_id' => $template->id,
+            'template_step_id' => $step->id,
+            'key' => 'output_test', 'label' => 'Test', 'value_type' => 'number',
+        ], $attrs));
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_without_a_criterion_has_no_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->output();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($output->hasExpectedResult());
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_with_a_number_range_has_an_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->output(['expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($output->hasExpectedResult());
+        $this->assertEqualsWithDelta(3.20, (float) $output->expected_min, 0.0001);
+        $this->assertEqualsWithDelta(4.25, (float) $output->expected_max, 0.0001);
+    }
+
+    public function test_output_with_a_boolean_criterion_has_an_expected_result(): void
+    {
+        $output = $this->output(['value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($output->hasExpectedResult());
+        $this->assertSame('1', $output->expected_value);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest`
+Expected: FAIL — `expected_min`/`expected_max`/`expected_value` are not fillable / column doesn't exist / `hasExpectedResult` method doesn't exist.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Write the migration**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * Optional pass criterion for a typed operator output (#quality-gate). A number
+ * output can set expected_min/expected_max (either or both — one-sided bounds
+ * are fine); a boolean or select output sets expected_value (boolean: '1'/'0';
+ * select: the single passing option string). Null on all three = no gate,
+ * current "must be recorded" behaviour is unchanged. Evaluated by
+ * App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator on every recorded value.
+ */
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('template_step_outputs', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->decimal('expected_min', 12, 4)->nullable()->after('options');
+            $table->decimal('expected_max', 12, 4)->nullable()->after('expected_min');
+            $table->string('expected_value', 255)->nullable()->after('expected_max');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('template_step_outputs', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn(['expected_min', 'expected_max', 'expected_value']);
+        });
+    }
+};
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Update the model**
+
+In `backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php`, extend `$fillable` (currently lines 42-52) to add the three columns, extend `casts()` (currently lines 54-61), and add the helper method:
+
+```php
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'process_template_id',
+        'template_step_id',
+        'key',
+        'label',
+        'value_type',
+        'unit',
+        'options',
+        'is_required',
+        'sort_order',
+        'expected_min',
+        'expected_max',
+        'expected_value',
+    ];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'options' => 'array',
+            'is_required' => 'boolean',
+            'sort_order' => 'integer',
+            'expected_min' => 'decimal:4',
+            'expected_max' => 'decimal:4',
+        ];
+    }
+```
+
+Add below the `values()` relation (currently ending at line 76):
+
+```php
+    /**
+     * True when this output has a configured pass criterion. Callers (the
+     * OutputGateEvaluator) treat "no criterion" as "always passes" — the
+     * required-field gate (is_required) is unaffected either way.
+     */
+    public function hasExpectedResult(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->expected_min !== null
+            || $this->expected_max !== null
+            || $this->expected_value !== null;
+    }
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Run the migration and the test**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan migrate`
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest`
+Expected: PASS (3 tests).
+
+- [ ] **Step 6: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/database/migrations/2026_09_04_120000_add_expected_result_to_template_step_outputs.php backend/app/Models/TemplateStepOutput.php backend/tests/Unit/TemplateStepOutputExpectedResultTest.php
+git commit -m "feat: add optional pass criterion columns to template step outputs"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 2: OutputGateEvaluator service
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php`
+- Test: `backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php`
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: `TemplateStepOutput::hasExpectedResult()`, `expected_min`/`expected_max`/`expected_value` (Task 1); `BatchStepOutputValue::output()` relation, `value_boolean`/`value_number`/`value_text` (existing, `backend/app/Models/BatchStepOutputValue.php:55-57`).
+- Produces: `OutputGateEvaluator::passes(BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool` — consumed by Task 3's observer.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the failing test**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Unit;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+class OutputGateEvaluatorTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private function evaluator(): OutputGateEvaluator
+    {
+        return new OutputGateEvaluator();
+    }
+
+    private function valueFor(TemplateStepOutput $output, array $attrs): BatchStepOutputValue
+    {
+        $value = new BatchStepOutputValue($attrs);
+        $value->setRelation('output', $output);
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    public function test_a_value_with_no_configured_criterion_always_passes(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'boolean']);
+        $value = $this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => false]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($value));
+    }
+
+    public function test_boolean_true_passes_when_true_is_expected(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => true])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_boolean' => false])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_number_inside_the_range_passes(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'number', 'expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 3.87])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 5.50])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 3.10])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_number_range_can_be_one_sided(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'number', 'expected_min' => 0.0]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => 100.0])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_number' => -0.5])));
+    }
+
+    public function test_select_matches_the_single_passing_option(): void
+    {
+        $output = new TemplateStepOutput(['value_type' => 'select', 'expected_value' => 'Release']);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Release'])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Reject'])));
+        $this->assertFalse($this->evaluator()->passes($this->valueFor($output, ['value_text' => 'Hold'])));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=OutputGateEvaluatorTest`
+Expected: FAIL — class `App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator` not found.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Write the evaluator**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services\WorkOrder;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Answers "did this recorded value meet its station's pass criterion?" — the
+ * piece that was missing before #quality-gate: a required output only ever
+ * checked "was something recorded", never "was the recorded thing good". No
+ * criterion configured on the output = always passes (today's behaviour,
+ * unchanged). text/date/picture outputs have no gate support in v1.
+ */
+class OutputGateEvaluator
+{
+    public function passes(BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        $output = $value->output;
+
+        if (! $output || ! $output->hasExpectedResult()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return match ($output->value_type) {
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_BOOLEAN => $this->passesBoolean($output, $value),
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_NUMBER => $this->passesNumber($output, $value),
+            TemplateStepOutput::TYPE_SELECT => $this->passesSelect($output, $value),
+            default => true,
+        };
+    }
+
+    private function passesBoolean(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        $expected = filter_var($output->expected_value, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN);
+
+        return $value->value_boolean === $expected;
+    }
+
+    private function passesNumber(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        if ($value->value_number === null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $recorded = (float) $value->value_number;
+
+        if ($output->expected_min !== null && $recorded < (float) $output->expected_min) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($output->expected_max !== null && $recorded > (float) $output->expected_max) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function passesSelect(TemplateStepOutput $output, BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool
+    {
+        return $value->value_text === $output->expected_value;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Run test to verify it passes**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=OutputGateEvaluatorTest`
+Expected: PASS (6 tests).
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/Services/WorkOrder/OutputGateEvaluator.php backend/tests/Unit/OutputGateEvaluatorTest.php
+git commit -m "feat: add OutputGateEvaluator to check recorded values against a pass criterion"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 3: Observer — auto-raise a blocking Issue on failure
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php`
+- Modify: `backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php:145` (register the observer, right after the `WorkOrderPlacement::observe(...)` line)
+- Test: `backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php`
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: `OutputGateEvaluator::passes()` (Task 2); `IssueService::createIssue(array $data): Issue` (existing, `backend/app/Services/IssueService.php:15-41`); `Issue::SOURCE_IN_PROCESS` (existing, `backend/app/Models/Issue.php:28`); `IssueType` model, seeded row `code = 'IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL'`.
+- Produces: the observed side-effect later tasks and the end-to-end test rely on — recording a failing value creates an `Issue` row and flips `WorkOrder::status` to `WorkOrder::STATUS_BLOCKED`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the failing test**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Feature;
+
+use App\Models\Batch;
+use App\Models\BatchStep;
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\Issue;
+use App\Models\IssueType;
+use App\Models\Line;
+use App\Models\ProcessTemplate;
+use App\Models\ProductType;
+use App\Models\TemplateStep;
+use App\Models\TemplateStepOutput;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\WorkOrder;
+use App\Services\IssueService;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * End-to-end regression for #quality-gate: a recorded value that fails its
+ * output's expected result must raise a blocking Issue and stop the *next*
+ * BatchStep from starting — reusing WorkOrder::isBlocked()/BatchStep::canStart(),
+ * not a new mechanism. Mirrors the manual browser test run against
+ * WO-YB1-TEST-FAIL that discovered the gap this plan closes.
+ */
+class QualityGateEnforcementTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use RefreshDatabase;
+
+    private User $operator;
+
+    private Batch $batch;
+
+    private BatchStep $step1;
+
+    private BatchStep $step2;
+
+    private TemplateStepOutput $gatedOutput;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        foreach (['Admin', 'Supervisor', 'Operator'] as $r) {
+            Role::create(['name' => $r, 'guard_name' => 'web']);
+        }
+        $this->operator = tap(User::factory()->create(), fn ($u) => $u->assignRole('Operator'));
+
+        IssueType::create([
+            'code' => 'IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL', 'name' => 'In-process Quality — Control Failed',
+            'severity' => 'HIGH', 'is_blocking' => true, 'is_active' => true,
+        ]);
+
+        $line = Line::factory()->create();
+        $productType = ProductType::factory()->create();
+        $template = ProcessTemplate::factory()->create(['product_type_id' => $productType->id]);
+        $step1Def = TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 1, 'name' => 'Voltage Test']);
+        TemplateStep::factory()->create(['process_template_id' => $template->id, 'step_number' => 2, 'name' => 'Top Balance']);
+
+        $this->gatedOutput = TemplateStepOutput::create([
+            'process_template_id' => $template->id, 'template_step_id' => $step1Def->id,
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'label' => 'Pack Voltage (V)', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'is_required' => true, 'expected_min' => 3.20, 'expected_max' => 4.25,
+        ]);
+
+        $workOrder = WorkOrder::factory()->create([
+            'line_id' => $line->id, 'product_type_id' => $productType->id,
+            'process_snapshot' => ['template_id' => $template->id],
+        ]);
+        $this->batch = Batch::factory()->create(['work_order_id' => $workOrder->id]);
+        $this->step1 = BatchStep::factory()->create([
+            'batch_id' => $this->batch->id, 'step_number' => 1, 'name' => 'Voltage Test',
+            'status' => BatchStep::STATUS_IN_PROGRESS,
+        ]);
+        $this->step2 = BatchStep::factory()->create([
+            'batch_id' => $this->batch->id, 'step_number' => 2, 'name' => 'Top Balance',
+            'status' => BatchStep::STATUS_PENDING,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_out_of_range_value_raises_a_blocking_issue_and_stops_the_next_step(): void
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'sanity: next step is startable before any value is recorded');
+
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 5.50, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $issue = Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->first();
+        $this->assertNotNull($issue, 'expected an Issue to be auto-raised');
+        $this->assertSame('IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL', $issue->issueType->code);
+        $this->assertSame(Issue::STATUS_OPEN, $issue->status);
+        $this->assertSame(Issue::SOURCE_IN_PROCESS, $issue->source);
+
+        $this->assertSame(WorkOrder::STATUS_BLOCKED, $this->batch->fresh()->workOrder->status);
+        $this->assertFalse($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'the NEXT step must now be blocked');
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_in_range_value_raises_no_issue(): void
+    {
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 3.87, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->count());
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+    }
+
+    public function test_resolving_the_issue_unblocks_the_next_step(): void
+    {
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $this->gatedOutput->id,
+            'value_number' => 5.50, 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+        $this->assertFalse($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+
+        $issue = Issue::where('batch_step_id', $this->step1->id)->firstOrFail();
+        app(IssueService::class)->resolveIssue($issue, 'Retested, voltage now in spec.');
+
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart(), 'resolving the blocking issue must unblock the next step');
+    }
+
+    public function test_an_output_with_no_configured_criterion_behaves_exactly_as_before(): void
+    {
+        $ungated = TemplateStepOutput::create([
+            'process_template_id' => $this->gatedOutput->process_template_id,
+            'template_step_id' => $this->gatedOutput->template_step_id,
+            'key' => 'note', 'label' => 'Note', 'value_type' => 'text',
+        ]);
+
+        BatchStepOutputValue::create([
+            'batch_step_id' => $this->step1->id, 'output_id' => $ungated->id,
+            'value_text' => 'anything at all', 'recorded_by_id' => $this->operator->id, 'recorded_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(0, Issue::count());
+        $this->assertTrue($this->step2->fresh()->canStart());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=QualityGateEnforcementTest`
+Expected: FAIL on the first two tests — no `Issue` row is created, `canStart()` stays `true` after the out-of-range value (the observer doesn't exist yet). The third and fourth tests may pass vacuously (nothing to fail on) — that's fine, they'll stay green through the rest of this task.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Write the observer**
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Observers;
+
+use App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue;
+use App\Models\Issue;
+use App\Models\IssueType;
+use App\Services\IssueService;
+use App\Services\WorkOrder\OutputGateEvaluator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+/**
+ * A recorded output that fails its configured expected result
+ * (TemplateStepOutput expected_min/expected_max/expected_value) auto-raises a
+ * blocking Issue on the work order — reusing WorkOrder::isBlocked() /
+ * BatchStep::canStart() (BatchStep.php:309-320) rather than inventing new
+ * blocking logic. An open blocking Issue on a work order already stops every
+ * step's canStart() on that order, so this is the whole enforcement mechanism.
+ * Best-effort like the sibling BatchStepEventObserver: a throwing evaluator or
+ * issue-service call must never break the operator's save.
+ */
+class BatchStepOutputValueObserver
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly OutputGateEvaluator $evaluator,
+        private readonly IssueService $issues,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    public function created(BatchStepOutputValue $value): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $value->loadMissing(['output', 'batchStep.batch']);
+
+            if ($this->evaluator->passes($value)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $issueType = IssueType::where('code', 'IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL')->first();
+
+            if (! $issueType) {
+                Log::warning('Quality gate failed but IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL issue type is missing — no issue raised', [
+                    'batch_step_output_value_id' => $value->id,
+                ]);
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $this->issues->createIssue([
+                'work_order_id' => $value->batchStep->batch->work_order_id,
+                'batch_step_id' => $value->batch_step_id,
+                'issue_type_id' => $issueType->id,
+                'source' => Issue::SOURCE_IN_PROCESS,
+                'title' => __('Quality gate failed: :label', ['label' => $value->output->label]),
+                'description' => __('Recorded value did not meet the expected result configured for this step.'),
+                'reported_by_id' => $value->recorded_by_id,
+            ]);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('BatchStepOutputValue quality-gate hook failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Register the observer**
+
+In `backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php`, immediately after line 145 (`\App\Models\WorkOrderPlacement::observe(\App\Observers\WorkOrderPlacementEventObserver::class);`), add:
+
+```php
+
+        // Quality gates (#quality-gate): a recorded output that fails its
+        // configured expected result auto-raises a blocking Issue, which the
+        // existing WorkOrder::isBlocked()/BatchStep::canStart() checks already
+        // use to stop the next station — see BatchStepOutputValueObserver.
+        \App\Models\BatchStepOutputValue::observe(\App\Observers\BatchStepOutputValueObserver::class);
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Run test to verify it passes**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=QualityGateEnforcementTest`
+Expected: PASS (4 tests).
+
+- [ ] **Step 6: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/Observers/BatchStepOutputValueObserver.php backend/app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php backend/tests/Feature/QualityGateEnforcementTest.php
+git commit -m "feat: auto-raise a blocking issue when a recorded output fails its quality gate"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 4: Admin authoring — validation + persistence
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php`
+- Modify: `backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php`
+- Modify: `backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php` (add new test methods; existing tests in this file must keep passing unmodified)
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: Task 1's `expected_min`/`expected_max`/`expected_value` columns.
+- Produces: the POST `/admin/product-types/{productType}/process-templates/{processTemplate}/outputs` endpoint now accepts and persists the three new optional fields — consumed by Task 5's React form.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Write the failing test**
+
+Add to `backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php` (inside the existing `StepTypedOutputsTest` class, in the "Admin authoring" section after `test_select_output_requires_options`):
+
+```php
+    public function test_admin_sets_a_number_range_criterion(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'label' => 'Pack Voltage', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'expected_min' => '3.20', 'expected_max' => '4.25',
+        ])->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('template_step_outputs', [
+            'key' => 'pack_voltage', 'expected_min' => 3.2, 'expected_max' => 4.25,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function test_admin_sets_a_boolean_pass_criterion(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'passed', 'label' => 'Passed?', 'value_type' => 'boolean', 'expected_value' => '1',
+        ])->assertRedirect();
+
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('template_step_outputs', ['key' => 'passed', 'expected_value' => '1']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_expected_max_below_expected_min_is_rejected(): void
+    {
+        $base = "/admin/product-types/{$this->productType->id}/process-templates/{$this->template->id}";
+
+        $this->actingAs($this->admin)->post("{$base}/outputs", [
+            'template_step_id' => $this->templateStep->id,
+            'key' => 'x', 'label' => 'X', 'value_type' => 'number',
+            'expected_min' => '10', 'expected_max' => '5',
+        ])->assertSessionHasErrors('expected_max');
+    }
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Run test to verify it fails**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=StepTypedOutputsTest`
+Expected: the 3 new tests FAIL (columns aren't validated/persisted yet); all pre-existing tests in this file still PASS.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Update the form request**
+
+In `backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php`, add to the `rules()` array (currently lines 21-30), after `'is_required' => ['sometimes', 'boolean'],`:
+
+```php
+            'expected_min' => ['nullable', 'numeric'],
+            'expected_max' => ['nullable', 'numeric', 'gte:expected_min'],
+            'expected_value' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Update the controller**
+
+In `backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php`, add to the `$processTemplate->outputs()->create([...])` array (currently lines 28-37), after `'is_required' => $request->boolean('is_required'),`:
+
+```php
+            'expected_min' => $request->validated('expected_min'),
+            'expected_max' => $request->validated('expected_max'),
+            'expected_value' => $request->validated('expected_value'),
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Run test to verify it passes**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend php artisan test --filter=StepTypedOutputsTest`
+Expected: PASS (all tests in the file, old and new).
+
+- [ ] **Step 6: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/app/Http/Requests/StoreTemplateStepOutputRequest.php backend/app/Http/Controllers/Web/Admin/TemplateStepOutputController.php backend/tests/Feature/StepTypedOutputsTest.php
+git commit -m "feat: accept and persist an optional pass criterion when authoring an output"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Task 5: Admin UI — author the criterion in the process-template editor
+
+**Files:**
+- Modify: `backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx:583-739`
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: the `/outputs` POST endpoint now accepting `expected_min`, `expected_max`, `expected_value` (Task 4).
+- Produces: nothing new for later tasks — this is the UI leaf. Manually verified (no PHPUnit coverage for a `.jsx` file); this codebase has no JS test runner configured, so verification is via the browser, matching how every other admin-authoring form in this file was hand-verified.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Extend the form state**
+
+At line 583, change:
+
+```jsx
+    const outputForm = useForm({ key: '', label: '', value_type: 'text', unit: '', options: '', is_required: false, template_step_id: step.id });
+```
+
+to:
+
+```jsx
+    const outputForm = useForm({
+        key: '', label: '', value_type: 'text', unit: '', options: '', is_required: false,
+        expected_min: '', expected_max: '', expected_value: '', template_step_id: step.id,
+    });
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Reset the new fields on success**
+
+At line 596, change:
+
+```jsx
+            onSuccess: () => outputForm.reset('key', 'label', 'unit', 'options', 'is_required'),
+```
+
+to:
+
+```jsx
+            onSuccess: () => outputForm.reset('key', 'label', 'unit', 'options', 'is_required', 'expected_min', 'expected_max', 'expected_value'),
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Add the conditional criterion fields to the form**
+
+After the existing select-options block (currently lines 728-730, the `{outputForm.data.value_type === 'select' && (...)}` block) and before the `Required` checkbox label (line 731), insert:
+
+```jsx
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'number' && (
+                        <span className="flex items-center gap-1">
+                            <input
+                                type="number" step="any" value={outputForm.data.expected_min}
+                                onChange={(e) => outputForm.setData('expected_min', e.target.value)}
+                                placeholder={__('pass min')} className="form-input text-sm py-1 w-[80px]"
+                            />
+                            <span className="text-xs text-om-faint">–</span>
+                            <input
+                                type="number" step="any" value={outputForm.data.expected_max}
+                                onChange={(e) => outputForm.setData('expected_max', e.target.value)}
+                                placeholder={__('pass max')} className="form-input text-sm py-1 w-[80px]"
+                            />
+                        </span>
+                    )}
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'boolean' && (
+                        <label className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs text-om-muted">
+                            <input
+                                type="checkbox" checked={outputForm.data.expected_value === '1'}
+                                onChange={(e) => outputForm.setData('expected_value', e.target.checked ? '1' : '')}
+                            />
+                            {__('Must be Yes to pass')}
+                        </label>
+                    )}
+                    {outputForm.data.value_type === 'select' && outputForm.data.options.trim() !== '' && (
+                        <select
+                            value={outputForm.data.expected_value}
+                            onChange={(e) => outputForm.setData('expected_value', e.target.value)}
+                            className="form-select text-sm py-1"
+                        >
+                            <option value="">{__('No pass criterion')}</option>
+                            {outputForm.data.options.split(',').map((s) => s.trim()).filter(Boolean).map((opt) => (
+                                <option key={opt} value={opt}>{__('Pass: :option', { option: opt })}</option>
+                            ))}
+                        </select>
+                    )}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Show the configured criterion in the outputs list**
+
+In the list item (currently lines 704-711), after the `is_required` badge, insert:
+
+```jsx
+                                {(o.expected_min !== null || o.expected_max !== null) && (
+                                    <span className="text-[10px] uppercase px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-om-chip text-om-muted">
+                                        {__('pass')}: {o.expected_min ?? '–'}–{o.expected_max ?? '–'}
+                                    </span>
+                                )}
+                                {o.expected_value && (
+                                    <span className="text-[10px] uppercase px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded bg-om-chip text-om-muted">
+                                        {__('pass')}: {o.expected_value}
+                                    </span>
+                                )}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Build and manually verify**
+
+Run: `docker compose exec backend npm run build` (or, for live-edit during verification, `docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.dev.yml up -d` per the project's dev-overlay workflow documented in `README.md`).
+
+In the browser: open a process template step, add a `number` output with a pass min/max — confirm the two inputs appear only for `number`, submit, and confirm the "pass: X–Y" badge shows in the list. Repeat for `boolean` (checkbox appears, badge shows `pass: 1` after submit) and `select` (dropdown populates from the typed options, badge shows the chosen passing value).
+
+- [ ] **Step 6: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add backend/resources/js/Pages/admin/process-templates/Show.jsx
+git commit -m "feat: author a pass criterion for number/boolean/select operator outputs"
+```
+
+---
+
+## Self-Review
+
+**1. Spec coverage** — every requirement traced back to the live-tested gap is covered:
+- *"system prevents movement... unless passed"* → Task 3 (observer blocks `canStart()` on the next step via the existing `WorkOrder::isBlocked()` path).
+- *"Failed quality checks route unit to defect/hold/rework flow"* → Task 3 (auto-raises an `Issue` using the exact same `IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL` type and `IssueService` the manual defect/hold/rework flow already uses — an operator or supervisor resolves it through the existing Issue UI, no new UI needed there).
+- Admin needs a way to *configure* what "passed" means per station → Tasks 1, 4, 5.
+- Must not regress the current "must be recorded" behavior for ungated outputs → Task 3's fourth test (`test_an_output_with_no_configured_criterion_behaves_exactly_as_before`).
+- Must be reversible/inspectable by a human (not a silent auto-fail) → the created `Issue` is visible in the existing Issues UI and dashboard; resolving it unblocks production (Task 3's third test) — this mirrors the proposal's "or dispositioned" UAT language (a supervisor can review and clear a failed gate, not just be stuck).
+
+**2. Placeholder scan** — no TBD/TODO, no "add appropriate error handling," no "similar to Task N" without repeated code. Every step has real, complete code.
+
+**3. Type consistency** — `OutputGateEvaluator::passes(BatchStepOutputValue $value): bool` (Task 2) is the exact signature the observer calls in Task 3. `TemplateStepOutput::hasExpectedResult(): bool` (Task 1) is the exact method the evaluator calls. Column names (`expected_min`, `expected_max`, `expected_value`) are identical across the migration, model casts/fillable, form request, controller, React form state, and every test — checked by re-reading each task's file list against the others.
+
+---
+
+## What this plan deliberately does *not* build (out of scope, noted for later)
+
+- **Blocking the *current* step's own completion** (vs. only the next step's start) — not built. The proposal's language ("prevents movement to Top Balance") is about the *next* station, which this plan covers exactly; blocking the current step too would need `BatchStep::completeStep()` to check the evaluator directly (a different, larger change touching the completion path itself, not just observation).
+- **Multiple passing values for a `select` output** — v1 is single-value only (see Global Constraints).
+- **Per-output override of which `IssueType` gets raised** — hardcoded to `IN_PROCESS_QC_FAIL` for v1; a `fail_issue_type_id` column would be the natural extension.
+- **The spec-range `InspectionPlan`/`InspectionResult` subsystem** (material-scoped, separately identified as a gap in the original mapping doc) — untouched; this plan is scoped entirely to `TemplateStepOutput`/`BatchStepOutputValue`, the process-step side, not incoming material inspection.