diff --git a/module_auto_update/models/module.py b/module_auto_update/models/module.py
index 86a9c584b41..2c714ca5e33 100644
--- a/module_auto_update/models/module.py
+++ b/module_auto_update/models/module.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def ensure_module_state(env, modules, state):
     if not modules:
         return
     env.cr.execute(
-        "SELECT name FROM ir_module_module " "WHERE id IN %s AND state != %s",
+        "SELECT name FROM ir_module_module WHERE id IN %s AND state != %s",
         (tuple(modules.ids), state),
     )
     names = [r[0] for r in env.cr.fetchall()]
@@ -78,22 +78,47 @@ def _save_checksums(self, checksums):
         Icp.set_param(PARAM_INSTALLED_CHECKSUMS, json.dumps(checksums))
         Icp.flush_model()
 
+    @api.model
+    def _not_imported_domain(self):
+        """Domain excluding modules that only exist in the database.
+
+        Imported modules (Odoo Studio customizations, modules uploaded through
+        the web interface) have no counterpart on the file system, so no
+        checksum can be computed for them.
+
+        The ``imported`` field is added by ``base_import_module``, which is not
+        a dependency of this module. When it is not installed, no module can be
+        imported in the first place, so no filtering is needed.
+        """
+        if "imported" in self._fields:
+            return [("imported", "=", False)]
+        return []
+
     @api.model
     def _save_installed_checksums(self):
         checksums = {}
-        installed_modules = self.search([("state", "=", "installed")])
+        installed_modules = self.search(
+            [("state", "=", "installed"), *self._not_imported_domain()]
+        )
         for module in installed_modules:
             checksums[module.name] = module._get_checksum_dir()
         self._save_checksums(checksums)
 
     @api.model
     def _get_modules_partially_installed(self):
-        return self.search([("state", "in", ("to install", "to remove", "to upgrade"))])
+        return self.search(
+            [
+                ("state", "in", ["to install", "to remove", "to upgrade"]),
+                *self._not_imported_domain(),
+            ]
+        )
 
     @api.model
     def _get_modules_with_changed_checksum(self):
         saved_checksums = self._get_saved_checksums()
-        installed_modules = self.search([("state", "=", "installed")])
+        installed_modules = self.search(
+            [("state", "=", "installed"), *self._not_imported_domain()]
+        )
         return installed_modules.filtered(
             lambda r: r._get_checksum_dir() != saved_checksums.get(r.name),
         )
diff --git a/module_auto_update/tests/test_module.py b/module_auto_update/tests/test_module.py
index 14e18fb0feb..c18c195c7dd 100644
--- a/module_auto_update/tests/test_module.py
+++ b/module_auto_update/tests/test_module.py
@@ -80,6 +80,42 @@ def test_get_modules_with_changed_checksum(self):
         self.assertFalse(Imm._get_modules_with_changed_checksum())
 
 
+class TestImportedModules(TransactionCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.Imm = self.env["ir.module.module"]
+        # Skip test if base_import_module is not installed (OCB)
+        if "imported" not in self.Imm._fields:
+            self.skipTest("base_import_module is not installed")
+        # Modules imported into the database (e.g. Odoo Studio customizations)
+        # have no counterpart on the file system, so no checksum can be
+        # computed for them.
+        self.imported_module = self.Imm.create(
+            {
+                "name": "test_imported_module",
+                "state": "installed",
+                "imported": True,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_save_installed_checksums_skips_imported(self):
+        self.Imm._save_installed_checksums()
+        self.assertNotIn("test_imported_module", self.Imm._get_saved_checksums())
+
+    def test_changed_checksum_skips_imported(self):
+        # no checksum was ever saved for the imported module
+        self.Imm._save_checksums({})
+        self.assertNotIn(
+            self.imported_module, self.Imm._get_modules_with_changed_checksum()
+        )
+
+    def test_partially_installed_skips_imported(self):
+        self.imported_module.state = "to upgrade"
+        self.assertNotIn(
+            self.imported_module, self.Imm._get_modules_partially_installed()
+        )
+
+
 @odoo.tests.tagged("post_install", "-at_install")
 class TestModuleAfterInstall(TransactionCase):
     def setUp(self):