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Style guide: Replace 'Apache' with 'Apache HTTP Server', 'Apache httpd',
or 'httpd', depending on context. Note, however, that this guide is grossly out of date, and needs a major revision. git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/httpd/httpd/trunk@1933084 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68
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docs/manual/howto/cgi.xml

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<manualpage metafile="cgi.xml.meta">
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<parentdocument href="./">How-To / Tutorials</parentdocument>
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<title>Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI</title>
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<title>Apache HTTP Server Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI</title>
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<section id="intro">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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is a simple way to put dynamic content on
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your web site, using whatever programming language you're most
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familiar with. This document will be an introduction to setting
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up CGI on your Apache web server, and getting started writing
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up CGI on your httpd web server, and getting started writing
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CGI programs.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="configuring">
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<title>Configuring Apache to permit CGI</title>
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<title>Configuring httpd to permit CGI</title>
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<p>In order to get your CGI programs to work properly, you'll
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need to have Apache configured to permit CGI execution. There
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need to have httpd configured to permit CGI execution. There
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are several ways to do this.</p>
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<note type="warning">Note: If Apache has been built with shared module
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<note type="warning">Note: If httpd has been built with shared module
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support you need to ensure that the module is loaded; in your
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<code>httpd.conf</code> you need to make sure the
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<directive module="mod_so">LoadModule</directive>
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<p>The
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<directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
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directive tells Apache that a particular directory is set
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aside for CGI programs. Apache will assume that every file in
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directive tells httpd that a particular directory is set
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aside for CGI programs. httpd will assume that every file in
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this directory is a CGI program, and will attempt to execute
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it, when that particular resource is requested by a
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client.</p>
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</highlight>
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<p>The example shown is from your default <code>httpd.conf</code>
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configuration file, if you installed Apache in the default
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configuration file, if you installed httpd in the default
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location. The <directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
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directive is much like the <directive module="mod_alias"
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>Alias</directive> directive, which defines a URL prefix that
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<directive>Alias</directive> and <directive>ScriptAlias</directive>
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is that <directive>ScriptAlias</directive> has the added meaning
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that everything under that URL prefix will be considered a CGI
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program. So, the example above tells Apache that any request for a
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program. So, the example above tells httpd that any request for a
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resource beginning with <code>/cgi-bin/</code> should be served from
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the directory <code>/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/</code>, and should be
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treated as a CGI program.</p>
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<p>For example, if the URL
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<code>http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/test.pl</code>
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is requested, Apache will attempt to execute the file
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is requested, httpd will attempt to execute the file
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<code>/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/test.pl</code>
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and return the output. Of course, the file will have to
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exist, and be executable, and return output in a particular
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way, or Apache will return an error message.</p>
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way, or httpd will return an error message.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="nonscriptalias">
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&lt;/Directory&gt;
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</highlight>
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<p>The above directive tells Apache to permit the execution
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<p>The above directive tells httpd to permit the execution
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of CGI files. You will also need to tell the server what
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files are CGI files. The following <directive module="mod_mime"
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>AddHandler</directive> directive tells the server to treat all
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</highlight>
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<p>Even if you are not familiar with Perl, you should be able
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to see what is happening here. The first line tells Apache
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to see what is happening here. The first line tells httpd
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(or whatever shell you happen to be running under) that this
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program can be executed by feeding the file to the
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interpreter found at the location <code>/usr/bin/perl</code>.
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<dt>The source code of your CGI program or a "POST Method Not
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Allowed" message</dt>
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<dd>That means that you have not properly configured Apache
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<dd>That means that you have not properly configured httpd
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to process your CGI program. Reread the section on
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<a href="#configuring">configuring
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Apache</a> and try to find what you missed.</dd>
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httpd</a> and try to find what you missed.</dd>
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<dt>A message starting with "Forbidden"</dt>
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<dd>That means that there is a permissions problem. Check the
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<a href="#errorlogs">Apache error log</a> and the section below on
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<a href="#errorlogs">httpd error log</a> and the section below on
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<a href="#permissions">file permissions</a>.</dd>
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<dt>A message saying "Internal Server Error"</dt>
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<dd>If you check the
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<a href="#errorlogs">Apache error log</a>, you will probably
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<a href="#errorlogs">httpd error log</a>, you will probably
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find that it says "Premature end of
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script headers", possibly along with an error message
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generated by your CGI program. In this case, you will want to
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<p>If your CGI program depends on non-standard <a
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href="#env">environment variables</a>, you will need to
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assure that those variables are passed by Apache.</p>
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assure that those variables are passed by httpd.</p>
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<p>When you miss HTTP headers from the environment, make
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sure they are formatted according to
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</example>
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<p>(Do not call the <code>perl</code> interpreter. The shell
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and Apache should find the interpreter using the <a
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and httpd should find the interpreter using the <a
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href="#pathinformation">path information</a> on the first line of
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the script.)</p>
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<p>The first thing you see written by your program should be
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a set of HTTP headers, including the <code>Content-Type</code>,
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followed by a blank line. If you see anything else, Apache will
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followed by a blank line. If you see anything else, httpd will
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return the <code>Premature end of script headers</code> error if
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you try to run it through the server. See <a
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href="#writing">Writing a CGI program</a> above for more
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<p>To check if you are using suexec, run <code>apachectl
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-V</code> and check for the location of <code>SUEXEC_BIN</code>.
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If Apache finds an <program>suexec</program> binary there on startup,
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If httpd finds an <program>suexec</program> binary there on startup,
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suexec will be activated.</p>
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<p>Unless you fully understand suexec, you should not be using it.
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<p>During the CGI transaction, the server and the browser
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also set environment variables, so that they can communicate
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with one another. These are things like the browser type
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(Netscape, IE, Lynx), the server type (Apache, IIS, WebSite),
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(Chrome, Firefox, Lynx), the server type (Apache httpd, Nginx, IIS),
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the name of the CGI program that is being run, and so on.</p>
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<p>These variables are available to the CGI programmer, and
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similar programs are included in the
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<code>cgi-bin</code>
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directory of the Apache distribution. Note that some
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directory of the httpd distribution. Note that some
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variables are required, while others are optional, so you may
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see some variables listed that were not in the official list.
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In addition, Apache provides many different ways for you to
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In addition, httpd provides many different ways for you to
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<a href="../env.html">add your own environment variables</a>
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to the basic ones provided by default.</p>
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make finding your problem much simpler.</p>
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<p>Note that questions about CGI problems should <strong>never</strong>
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be posted to the Apache bug database unless you are sure you
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have found a problem in the Apache source code.</p>
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be posted to the httpd bug database unless you are sure you
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have found a problem in the httpd source code.</p>
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</section>
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</manualpage>

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