diff --git a/src/main/index.ts b/src/main/index.ts
index 69b367dc..536c8807 100644
--- a/src/main/index.ts
+++ b/src/main/index.ts
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import { FileContentWatcher } from './file-content-watcher'
 import { SnoozeTimer } from './snooze-timer'
 import { getWeeklyStats } from './weekly-stats'
 import type { TerminalTab, PaneNode, PaneLeaf } from '../shared/state/terminals'
-import { getLeaves, mapLeaves } from '../shared/state/terminals'
+import { findTabById, getLeaves, mapLeaves } from '../shared/state/terminals'
 import { listWorktrees, listBranches, continueWorktree, isWorktreeDirty, defaultWorktreeDir, getChangedFiles, getFileDiff, getBranchCommits, getCommitDiff, getCommitMeta, getCommitChangedFiles, getCommitFileDiffSides, getCommitRangeChangedFiles, getCommitRangeFileDiffSides, getMainWorktreeStatus, prepareMainForMerge, mergeWorktreeLocally, getBranchSha, previewMergeConflicts, getBranchDiffStats, listAllFiles, listRecentCommitShas, readWorktreeFile, readWorktreeFileBinary, writeWorktreeFile, getFileDiffSides, getCurrentBranch, renameWorktreeBranch, symlinkClaudeSettings, pruneWorktrees, type MergeStrategy } from './worktree'
 import { listOpenPRs, getPRByNumber, testToken, starRepo, unstarRepo, isRepoStarred, mergePR, approvePR, getRepoInfo, type GitHubMergeMethod, type MergePRResult, type PRLookupResult } from './github'
 import { AVAILABLE_EDITORS, DEFAULT_EDITOR_ID, openInEditor } from './editor'
@@ -266,6 +266,18 @@ function findShellWorktree(shellId: string): string | null {
   }
   return null
 }
+
+/** True for a shell tab that was created with a command (`create_shell`) and
+ * whose process is gone. That command runs exactly once, in createShell's
+ * eager spawn; afterwards the tab is a transcript of the run, not a live
+ * shell — which is also how it behaves when the command exits mid-session.
+ * The renderer still fires pty:create when it mounts such a tab (it can't
+ * tell a spent shell from a fresh one), so the spawn is dropped here rather
+ * than handing back an interactive prompt no command shell would ever show. */
+function isSpentCommandShell(id: string): boolean {
+  const tab = findTabById(store.getSnapshot().state.terminals.panes, id)
+  return tab?.type === 'shell' && !!tab.command
+}
 // Resolves the harness version from disk so it works in every runtime
 // (Electron dev/packaged, headless dev, headless tarball). Electron's
 // `app.getVersion()` would do the job in two of those four, but the
@@ -3460,6 +3472,10 @@ function registerIpcHandlers(): void {
         : agentKind === 'cursor' ? config.cursorEnvVars
         : undefined
       const existed = ptyManager.hasTerminal(id)
+      if (!existed && isSpentCommandShell(id)) {
+        log('pty', `create id=${id} dropped — command shell already ran`)
+        return
+      }
       ptyManager.create(id, cwd, cmd, args, extraEnv, !isAgent, cols, rows)
       if (!existed) {
         // Creator becomes controller immediately so their first keystroke
diff --git a/src/main/persistence-migrations.ts b/src/main/persistence-migrations.ts
index 6525c8da..e86ff97b 100644
--- a/src/main/persistence-migrations.ts
+++ b/src/main/persistence-migrations.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ export interface PersistedTab {
   sessionId?: string
   /** For browser tabs: last URL so we can restore the tab on reload. */
   url?: string
-  /** For shell tabs: command passed via `zsh -ilc <command>` (agent-spawned). */
+  /** For shell tabs: the command the tab was created with (agent-spawned).
+   *  Kept for display only — restored tabs do not re-run it. */
   command?: string
   /** For shell tabs: cwd (absolute or relative to worktree root). */
   cwd?: string
diff --git a/src/main/pty-manager.test.ts b/src/main/pty-manager.test.ts
index da102dbc..8a6dce31 100644
--- a/src/main/pty-manager.test.ts
+++ b/src/main/pty-manager.test.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ vi.mock('./persistence', () => ({
 
 import { PtyManager } from './pty-manager'
 import * as pty from 'node-pty'
+import { loadTerminalHistory } from './persistence'
 
 describe('PtyManager.create — eager spawn contract for createShell (#203)', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -67,3 +68,43 @@ describe('PtyManager.create — eager spawn contract for createShell (#203)', ()
     expect(pty.spawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
   })
 })
+
+// On a cold app start the renderer asks for scrollback BEFORE it spawns, so
+// getHistory has to reach the persisted file itself — reading only the
+// in-memory map left restored tabs blank until something else seeded it.
+describe('PtyManager.getHistory — persisted scrollback across an app restart', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('returns the persisted scrollback when nothing is in memory yet', () => {
+    vi.mocked(loadTerminalHistory).mockReturnValueOnce('previous run output')
+    const mgr = new PtyManager()
+    expect(mgr.getHistory('shell-restored-1')).toBe('previous run output')
+  })
+
+  it('returns empty string when no history was persisted', () => {
+    const mgr = new PtyManager()
+    expect(mgr.getHistory('shell-restored-2')).toBe('')
+  })
+
+  it('reads the file once per id — the spawn that follows reuses the buffer', () => {
+    vi.mocked(loadTerminalHistory).mockReturnValueOnce('previous run output')
+    const mgr = new PtyManager()
+    const id = 'shell-restored-3'
+    mgr.getHistory(id)
+    mgr.create(id, tmpdir(), '', ['-il'], undefined, true)
+    expect(loadTerminalHistory).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+    expect(mgr.getHistory(id)).toBe('previous run output')
+  })
+
+  it('drops both the buffer and the file on forgetHistory so a closed tab does not resurrect', () => {
+    vi.mocked(loadTerminalHistory).mockReturnValue('previous run output')
+    const mgr = new PtyManager()
+    const id = 'shell-restored-4'
+    expect(mgr.getHistory(id)).toBe('previous run output')
+    vi.mocked(loadTerminalHistory).mockReturnValue(null)
+    mgr.forgetHistory(id)
+    expect(mgr.getHistory(id)).toBe('')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/main/pty-manager.ts b/src/main/pty-manager.ts
index 2bd9e4d6..b316f11e 100644
--- a/src/main/pty-manager.ts
+++ b/src/main/pty-manager.ts
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ export class PtyManager {
   private store: Store | null = null
   private sendSignal: ((channel: string, ...args: unknown[]) => void) | null = null
   // Per-terminal raw-byte scrollback owned by main. Populated from disk on
-  // create() (if a history file exists), appended to from the PTY onData
-  // stream, and returned on getHistory(id). Persistence to
+  // first touch by either getHistory(id) or create() (whichever comes first),
+  // appended to from the PTY onData stream. Persistence to
   // userData/terminal-history/<id> happens on a throttled cadence and on
   // before-quit via flushAllHistory().
   private history = new Map<string, HistoryBuffer>()
@@ -209,20 +209,15 @@ export class PtyManager {
     }
 
     // Seed the history buffer from disk if a file exists. Renderer calls
-    // getHistory(id) right after createTerminal and writes the bytes into a
-    // fresh xterm instance before wiring up live data.
-    let buf = this.history.get(id)
-    if (!buf) {
-      buf = new HistoryBuffer()
-      const existing = loadTerminalHistory(id)
-      if (existing) buf.seed(existing)
-      this.history.set(id, buf)
-    }
+    // getHistory(id) right before createTerminal and writes the bytes into a
+    // fresh xterm instance before wiring up live data, so this usually finds
+    // the buffer already loaded and skips the read.
+    const buf = this.ensureHistoryBuffer(id)
 
     ptyProcess.onData((data: string) => {
       // Tee into the history ring buffer before forwarding, so a reload
       // right after output arrives still sees it.
-      buf!.append(data)
+      buf.append(data)
       this.historyDirty.add(id)
       this.ensureHistoryFlushTimer()
       this.perfMonitor?.recordTerminalBytes(id, data.length)
@@ -258,9 +253,25 @@ export class PtyManager {
     }
   }
 
-  /** Raw PTY scrollback for `id`, or empty string if none. */
+  /** Raw PTY scrollback for `id`, or empty string if none. Falls back to the
+   * persisted file when nothing is in memory yet: on a cold app start the
+   * renderer asks for history BEFORE it spawns, so reading only the in-memory
+   * map returned '' and the saved scrollback stayed invisible until a renderer
+   * reload happened to hit the buffer create() had since seeded. */
   getHistory(id: string): string {
-    return this.history.get(id)?.toString() || ''
+    return this.ensureHistoryBuffer(id).toString()
+  }
+
+  /** The buffer for `id`, seeded from disk on first touch. Both getHistory and
+   * create go through here so the file is read at most once per id. */
+  private ensureHistoryBuffer(id: string): HistoryBuffer {
+    const existing = this.history.get(id)
+    if (existing) return existing
+    const buf = new HistoryBuffer()
+    const persisted = loadTerminalHistory(id)
+    if (persisted) buf.seed(persisted)
+    this.history.set(id, buf)
+    return buf
   }
 
   /** Drop the in-memory buffer + delete the persisted file. Called on tab
diff --git a/src/renderer/components/WorkspaceView.tsx b/src/renderer/components/WorkspaceView.tsx
index d87098c2..187c7f3b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/components/WorkspaceView.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/components/WorkspaceView.tsx
@@ -634,7 +634,6 @@ export function WorkspaceView({
                     initialPrompt={tab.initialPrompt}
                     teleportSessionId={tab.teleportSessionId}
                     modelOverride={tab.type === 'agent' ? tab.model : undefined}
-                    shellCommand={tab.type === 'shell' ? tab.command : undefined}
                     shellCwd={tab.type === 'shell' ? tab.cwd : undefined}
                     onRestartAgent={
                       tab.type === 'agent'
diff --git a/src/renderer/components/XTerminal.tsx b/src/renderer/components/XTerminal.tsx
index 45950ccb..c5bbd18b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/components/XTerminal.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/components/XTerminal.tsx
@@ -267,9 +267,6 @@ interface XTerminalProps {
   initialPrompt?: string
   teleportSessionId?: string
   modelOverride?: string
-  /** Shell tabs only: when set, spawn `<user-shell> -ilc <command>` instead
-   * of an interactive login shell. Used for agent-spawned shells. */
-  shellCommand?: string
   /** Shell tabs only: directory to spawn in. Relative paths resolve against
    * `cwd` (the worktree root); absolute paths are used as-is. */
   shellCwd?: string
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ interface XTerminalProps {
   onSwitchToChat?: () => void
 }
 
-export function XTerminal({ terminalId, cwd, type, agentKind, visible, sessionName, sessionId, initialPrompt, teleportSessionId, modelOverride, shellCommand, shellCwd, backgroundVar, preamble, hideRestoreNotice, onRestartAgent, onSwitchToChat }: XTerminalProps): JSX.Element {
+export function XTerminal({ terminalId, cwd, type, agentKind, visible, sessionName, sessionId, initialPrompt, teleportSessionId, modelOverride, shellCwd, backgroundVar, preamble, hideRestoreNotice, onRestartAgent, onSwitchToChat }: XTerminalProps): JSX.Element {
   // Lazy font-cache init — fires once on first XTerminal mount. See
   // initFontCache() comment for why this is lazy rather than at module
   // top.
@@ -634,12 +631,12 @@ export function XTerminal({ terminalId, cwd, type, agentKind, visible, sessionNa
       const shell = ''
       const agentArg = type === 'agent' ? await buildAgentArg() : ''
       if (disposed) return
-      const args =
-        type === 'agent'
-          ? ['-ilc', agentArg]
-          : shellCommand
-            ? ['-ilc', shellCommand]
-            : ['-il']
+      // Shell tabs always come up as a plain interactive shell, even when the
+      // tab carries a `command`. Executing it belongs to the create_shell
+      // path in main, which spawns eagerly at creation time; doing it here too
+      // would re-run the command every time the PTY is gone but the tab isn't
+      // — i.e. on every app restart, and after the command's shell exits.
+      const args = type === 'agent' ? ['-ilc', agentArg] : ['-il']
       const spawnCwd = shellCwd
         ? shellCwd.startsWith('/')
           ? shellCwd
@@ -702,11 +699,11 @@ export function XTerminal({ terminalId, cwd, type, agentKind, visible, sessionNa
         spawnPty()
         return
       }
-      // A non-empty history means main already has a live PTY for this id
-      // — the agent isn't "starting," we're attaching to a running one.
-      // Clear the loading overlay so the restored scrollback is visible
-      // without waiting for new bytes (which may never come if the agent
-      // is idle at its prompt).
+      // A non-empty history means this tab has run before — either main
+      // still holds a live PTY for it (we're attaching to a running one) or
+      // the scrollback came off disk from a previous app run. Clear the
+      // loading overlay so it's visible without waiting for new bytes
+      // (which may never come if the agent is idle at its prompt).
       setLoading(false)
       // Replay raw scrollback. Wait for xterm to finish parsing before
       // attaching onData, otherwise any response sequences xterm generates
diff --git a/src/shared/state/terminals.ts b/src/shared/state/terminals.ts
index b308ee6f..84b3d5c7 100644
--- a/src/shared/state/terminals.ts
+++ b/src/shared/state/terminals.ts
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ export interface TerminalTab {
   teleportSessionId?: string
   /** For browser tabs: the URL currently loaded (restored on reload). */
   url?: string
-  /** For shell tabs: command to run via `zsh -ilc <command>` instead of
-   * spawning an interactive login shell. Set by agents via the shell MCP. */
+  /** For shell tabs: the command the tab was created with (agents set this via
+   * the shell MCP). A record of origin, not an instruction — it runs once, in
+   * `createShell`'s eager spawn. Remounting the tab (app restart, or after the
+   * command's shell exited) gives a plain interactive shell instead. */
   command?: string
   /** For shell tabs: directory to run in. Relative paths resolve against the
    * worktree root; absolute paths are used as-is. */