-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathkips.html
More file actions
1243 lines (1182 loc) · 92.6 KB
/
Copy pathkips.html
File metadata and controls
1243 lines (1182 loc) · 92.6 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<script id="theme-init">
(function () {
var key = "kaspa-explained-theme";
var saved = null;
try { saved = localStorage.getItem(key); } catch (e) {}
var theme = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("theme");
if (theme !== "light" && theme !== "dark") { theme = saved; }
document.documentElement.dataset.theme = theme === "light" ? "light" : "dark";
})();
</script>
<title>KIP and KCC tracker: what is proposed, active, and shipped | Kaspa Explained</title>
<meta name="description" content="A live tracker of Kaspa's change proposals. It reads the repositories direct, so it cannot go stale.">
<meta name="robots" content="index,follow,max-snippet:-1,max-image-preview:large">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://kaspaexplained.com/kips">
<link rel="icon" href="kaspa-favicon.svg?v=20260512-real-k" type="image/svg+xml">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.svg?v=20260512-k4" type="image/svg+xml">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" sizes="any">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.png" type="image/png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="site.webmanifest">
<meta name="application-name" content="Kaspa Explained">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Kaspa Explained">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000">
<meta property="og:title" content="KIP and KCC tracker: what is proposed, active, and shipped | Kaspa Explained">
<meta property="og:description" content="A live tracker of Kaspa's change proposals. It reads the repositories direct, so it cannot go stale.">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://kaspaexplained.com/kips">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://kaspaexplained.com/og-kaspa-explained.png?v=20260829">
<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630">
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Kaspa Explained - proof-of-work blockDAG guide">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="KIP and KCC tracker: what is proposed, active, and shipped | Kaspa Explained">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="A live tracker of Kaspa's change proposals. It reads the repositories direct, so it cannot go stale.">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://kaspaexplained.com/og-kaspa-explained.png?v=20260829">
<meta name="dateModified" content="2026-09-15">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css?v=20260915-apple27">
<script defer src="nav.js?v=20260915-apple27"></script>
<style>
/* Token audit 2026-08-31: literal token values below are deliberate divergences from styles.css (pinned palettes, demo-only colors, contrast variants); byte-identical copies were converted to var() references. */
/* Scoped styles for the two demos inlined below (formerly demos/parameterless.html
and demos/supply-split.html). Every custom property and selector is scoped under
its own container class so nothing leaks onto the rest of the page or the other
demo; nothing here touches body, html, :root, or a bare element selector. */
.kip-parameterless-demo{
color-scheme:dark;
--green-rgb:102,209,193;
--cyan-rgb:41,151,255;
--purple-rgb:191,90,242;
--orange-rgb:255,159,10;
--accent-soft:rgba(102,209,193,.12);
--card-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4), 0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
--body-font:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
--mono-font:ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
font-family:var(--body-font); font-size:17px; line-height:1.6; color:var(--text);
/* .verdict.adaptive sets text directly in --cyan on its own
rgba(--cyan-rgb,.08) tinted background; that self-tint measures
4.19:1 in dark theme, under the 4.5:1 floor. Dedicated lighter
variant for that one use; light theme's plain --cyan already
clears it there. */
--cyan-verdict:#41a5ff;
}
:root[data-theme="light"] .kip-parameterless-demo{
color-scheme:light;
--green-rgb:14,124,107;
--cyan-rgb:0,113,227;
--purple-rgb:110,86,207;
--orange-rgb:178,80,0;
--accent-soft:rgba(14,124,107,.1);
--card-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05), 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.04);
/* Same self-tint shape as --cyan-verdict above: .verdict.safe on its
own rgba(--green-rgb,.1) tint measures 4.40:1 in light theme, and
button.btn[aria-pressed=true] on color-mix(--orange 18%, --control-bg)
measures 3.40:1. Dark theme's plain --green and --orange already
clear their equivalents. */
--green-verdict:#0c7766;
--orange-pressed:#914100;
/* Reset back to --cyan: the dark-only lighter variant above would
otherwise leak through, since custom properties not redefined in
this override block keep their base-block value rather than
resetting. Light theme's plain --cyan already clears 4.5:1 on
.verdict.adaptive's own tint. */
--cyan-verdict: var(--cyan);
}
.kip-parameterless-demo a{ color:var(--cyan); }
.kip-parameterless-demo h3{ font-size:18px; font-weight:650; letter-spacing:-.008em; color:var(--text); margin:0 0 .35rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo p.lede{ color:var(--muted); font-size:clamp(1.05rem,1.6vw,1.19rem); font-weight:420; line-height:1.45; max-width:74ch; margin:0 0 1.1rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo code{ font-family:var(--mono-font); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .status-pill{ display:inline-block; font-size:.68rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.04em; border-radius:980px; padding:.1rem .5rem; margin-left:.35rem; vertical-align:1px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .status-pill.live{ --status-color: var(--green); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .status-pill.research{ --status-color: var(--orange); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .panel{ background:var(--panel); border:0; border-radius:18px; padding:1rem 1.1rem; margin-bottom:1rem; box-shadow:var(--card-shadow); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .row{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:1rem; align-items:flex-end; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .field{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:.3rem; min-width:220px; flex:1; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .field label{ font-size:16px; color:var(--muted); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .field .valline{ font-size:1rem; color:var(--text); font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums; }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range]{
accent-color:var(--cyan); width:100%; height:44px; margin:0; padding:0;
background:transparent; -webkit-appearance:none; appearance:none; display:block;
}
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-runnable-track{ height:4px; border-radius:2px; background:var(--field-line); }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range]::-moz-range-track{ height:4px; border-radius:2px; background:var(--field-line); }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{
-webkit-appearance:none; width:22px; height:22px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--cyan);
margin-top:-9px; cursor:pointer; box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
}
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range]::-moz-range-thumb{
width:22px; height:22px; border-radius:50%; background:var(--cyan); border:0; cursor:pointer;
box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
}
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range].primary::-webkit-slider-thumb{ width:26px; height:26px; margin-top:-11px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range].primary::-moz-range-thumb{ width:26px; height:26px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range].primary::-webkit-slider-runnable-track{ height:6px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo input[type=range].primary::-moz-range-track{ height:6px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .scenario-btns{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:.5rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo button.btn{ font:inherit; font-size:16px; color:var(--text); background:var(--control-bg); border:0; border-radius:8px; min-height:44px; padding:.5rem .8rem; cursor:pointer; }
.kip-parameterless-demo button.btn:hover{ background:var(--control-hover); }
.kip-parameterless-demo button.btn[aria-pressed="true"]{ background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--orange) 18%, var(--control-bg)); color:var(--orange-pressed, var(--orange)); }
.kip-parameterless-demo a:focus-visible,
.kip-parameterless-demo button:focus-visible,
.kip-parameterless-demo input:focus-visible{
outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--cyan) 28%, transparent);
outline-offset:3px;
}
.kip-parameterless-demo .cmp{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:1rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .cmp.cmp3{ grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr; }
@media (max-width:900px){ .kip-parameterless-demo .cmp.cmp3{ grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; } }
@media (max-width:640px){ .kip-parameterless-demo .cmp{ grid-template-columns:1fr; } .kip-parameterless-demo .cmp.cmp3{ grid-template-columns:1fr; } }
.kip-parameterless-demo .side{ border:0; border-radius:18px; padding:.85rem; background:var(--card-bg); box-shadow:var(--card-shadow); }
/* min-width:0 and wrap: the flex header would not shrink below its longest
child, so at a 320px viewport the whole card measured 356px and the verdict
text was cut off the right edge with nothing to scroll. Measured 2026-08-29. */
.kip-parameterless-demo .side{ min-width:0; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .side h3{ margin:0 0 .55rem; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:.4rem; flex-wrap:wrap; min-width:0; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .side h3 > *{ min-width:0; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .sub{ font-size:1rem; color:var(--muted); margin:0 0 .6rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge-row{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:baseline; justify-content:space-between; column-gap:.5rem; font-size:1rem; color:var(--muted); margin-bottom:.35rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge-row output{ white-space:nowrap; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge{ position:relative; height:14px; border-radius:980px; background:var(--field-bg); border:1px solid var(--field-line); overflow:visible; margin-top:1.1rem; margin-bottom:.35rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge .fill{ position:absolute; inset:0 auto 0 0; border-radius:980px; background:var(--cyan); overflow:hidden; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge .cap{ position:absolute; top:-4px; bottom:-4px; width:3px; background:var(--text); border-radius:2px; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge .cap::after{ content:"cap"; position:absolute; top:-16px; left:50%; transform:translateX(-50%); font-size:16px; color:var(--faint); white-space:nowrap; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .over-badge{ display:inline-block; margin-bottom:.6rem; font-size:1rem; font-weight:700; color:var(--orange); background:rgba(var(--orange-rgb),.14); border-radius:18px; padding:.4rem .7rem; line-height:1.35; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .over-badge[hidden]{ display:none; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .bps-block{ margin-bottom:1.1rem; padding-bottom:.9rem; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .bps-block label{ font-size:16px; color:var(--text); font-weight:650; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .bps-block .valline{ font-size:1rem; font-weight:700; color:var(--text); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .payoff-line{ font-size:1.05rem; font-weight:650; text-align:center; color:var(--text); margin:1rem auto 0; line-height:1.45; max-width:62ch; text-wrap:balance; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){
.kip-parameterless-demo .gauge .fill{ transition:width .4s ease, background-color .4s ease; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .block{ transition:background-color .25s ease, border-color .25s ease; }
}
.kip-parameterless-demo .verdict{ font-size:1rem; border-left:3px solid var(--cyan); border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:.5rem .6rem; margin-top:.2rem; background:rgba(var(--cyan-rgb),.06); color:var(--text); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .verdict.safe{ border-left-color:var(--green); background:rgba(var(--green-rgb),.1); color:var(--green-verdict, var(--green)); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .verdict.unsafe{ border-left-color:var(--orange); background:rgba(var(--orange-rgb),.1); color:var(--orange); }
.kip-parameterless-demo .verdict.adaptive{ border-left-color:var(--cyan); background:rgba(var(--cyan-rgb),.08); color:var(--cyan-verdict, var(--cyan)); }
.kip-parameterless-demo ul.honest{ margin:.3rem 0 0; padding-left:1.1rem; font-size:1rem; color:var(--muted); }
.kip-parameterless-demo ul.honest li{ margin-bottom:.5rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo ul.honest strong{ color:var(--text); }
.kip-parameterless-demo details{ background:var(--card-bg); border:0; border-radius:14px; padding:.7rem 1rem; margin-bottom:1.5rem; box-shadow:var(--card-shadow); }
.kip-parameterless-demo details summary{ cursor:pointer; font-size:16px; font-weight:700; color:var(--text); }
.kip-parameterless-demo details summary::marker{ color:var(--green); }
.kip-parameterless-demo details[open] summary{ margin-bottom:.6rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo details .model-body{ font-size:1rem; color:var(--muted); }
.kip-parameterless-demo details table{ border-collapse:collapse; font-size:16px; margin:.6rem 0; }
.kip-parameterless-demo details td, .kip-parameterless-demo details th{ border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); padding:.25rem .5rem; text-align:right; }
.kip-parameterless-demo details th{ color:var(--faint); font-weight:600; }
.kip-parameterless-demo details code{ background:var(--field-bg); border:1px solid var(--field-line); border-radius:8px; padding:.05rem .3rem; font-size:.85em; overflow-wrap:anywhere; }
.kip-parameterless-demo details ul{ padding-left:1.1rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .caveat-lead{ margin:0 0 .7rem; }
.kip-parameterless-demo .panel details{ margin-bottom:.5rem; }
.kip-supply-split-demo{
color-scheme:dark;
--red:#ff6961; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4), 0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
--body-font:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
font-family:var(--body-font); font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:var(--text);
}
:root[data-theme="light"] .kip-supply-split-demo{
color-scheme:light;
--red:#c0342a; --shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.05), 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.04);
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .lead{ font-size:1.02rem; color:var(--muted); margin:0 0 22px; max-width:60ch; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .stage{
background:var(--card-bg); border-radius:18px; padding:24px 16px; box-shadow:var(--shadow);
display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:18px;
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .scene{ display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:14px; width:100%; flex-wrap:wrap; }
/* Wrapping left the between-wallets glyph beside the first wallet instead of
between the two. Below 520px the scene is a column, so the order reads
You, link, Sam. */
@media (max-width: 520px){
.kip-supply-split-demo .scene{ flex-direction:column; flex-wrap:nowrap; gap:10px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .link-glyph{ transform:rotate(90deg); }
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .wallet{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; gap:8px; min-width:128px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .wallet-label{ font-size:16px; font-weight:650; color:var(--text); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin-row{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px; justify-content:center; max-width:132px; min-height:40px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin{
width:32px; height:32px; border-radius:50%; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center;
font-size:16px; background:var(--bg-2); border:2px solid var(--line); flex:none;
transition:transform .5s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1), border-color .4s, background .4s;
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin.flagged{ border-color:var(--cyan); background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--cyan) 16%, var(--bg-2)); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin.sending{ animation:sup-attempt .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1); }
@keyframes sup-attempt{
0%{ transform:translateX(0) scale(1); }
45%{ transform:translateX(48px) scale(1.12); border-color:var(--red); }
72%{ transform:translateX(48px) scale(1.12); border-color:var(--red); }
100%{ transform:translateX(0) scale(1); border-color:var(--red); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin{ transition:none; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .coin.sending{ animation:none; border-color:var(--red); }
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .link-glyph{ font-size:1.9rem; font-weight:300; color:var(--faint); min-width:40px; text-align:center; transition:color .4s, transform .3s; line-height:1; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .link-glyph.blocked{ color:var(--red); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .supply-line{ font-size:16px; color:var(--muted); text-align:center; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .supply-line b{ color:var(--text); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .action-btn{
min-height:48px; border:0; border-radius:980px; padding:12px 28px; font:inherit; font-size:1rem;
font-weight:650; cursor:pointer; background:var(--green); color:var(--ink);
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .action-btn:hover{ filter:brightness(1.05); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .action-btn:disabled{ opacity:.5; cursor:default; filter:none; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .controls{ display:flex; align-items:center; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:center; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .reset-btn{
min-height:44px; min-width:44px; border:0; background:none; color:var(--faint);
font:inherit; font-size:16px; font-weight:500; cursor:pointer; padding:0 10px; border-radius:980px;
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .reset-btn:hover{ color:var(--text); background:var(--control-bg); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .caption{ min-height:44px; font-size:16px; color:var(--muted); text-align:center; max-width:44ch; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .caption b{ color:var(--text); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .caption.refuse-msg b{ color:var(--red); }
.kip-supply-split-demo .consequence{ font-size:16px; color:var(--muted); text-align:center; max-width:48ch; margin:4px auto 0; }
.kip-supply-split-demo details{ margin-top:22px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo summary{ cursor:pointer; font-size:16px; color:var(--muted); padding:4px 0; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .quotes-body{ margin-top:12px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo blockquote{ margin:0 0 12px; padding:6px 0 6px 12px; border-left:3px solid var(--cyan); font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; }
.kip-supply-split-demo cite{ display:block; font-style:normal; font-size:16px; color:var(--faint); margin-top:4px; }
/* The citation's link text is a bare URL, which carries no break
opportunity, so at 320px it rendered 280px wide inside a 237px box and
ran 9px past the viewport, where html/body overflow-x:hidden clipped the
issue number rather than letting it scroll. */
.kip-supply-split-demo cite{ overflow-wrap:anywhere; }
.kip-supply-split-demo cite a{ color:var(--faint); overflow-wrap:anywhere; }
.kip-supply-split-demo .note{ font-size:16px; color:var(--faint); margin-top:10px; }
.kip-supply-split-demo a:focus-visible,
.kip-supply-split-demo button:focus-visible{
outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--cyan) 28%, transparent);
outline-offset:3px;
}
.kip-supply-split-demo .fictional-note{ font-size:16px; color:var(--faint); margin:-4px 0 18px; }
</style>
</head>
<body class="kips-page">
<a class="skip-link" href="#top">Skip to content</a>
<header class="site-header">
<nav class="nav" aria-label="Primary">
<a class="brand" href="/" aria-label="Kaspa Explained home"><span class="brand-mark" aria-hidden="true"></span>Kaspa Explained</a>
<button class="nav-menu-button" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary-links">Menu</button>
<div id="primary-links" class="nav-links">
<a href="/what-is-kaspa">What is Kaspa</a>
<a href="/status">Live now</a>
<a href="/skeptical-case">Risks</a>
<a href="/build-on-kaspa">Build</a>
<a href="/demos">Try it</a>
</div>
<button class="theme-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Switch theme">Light</button>
</nav>
</header>
<main id="top" tabindex="-1">
<section class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Proposal tracker</p>
<h1><span class="term-def" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-describedby="kip-def-kips">KIP<span class="term-def__panel" id="kip-def-kips">Kaspa Improvement Proposal: specifies, reviews, merges a protocol change.</span></span>s and KCCs</h1>
<p class="lead">A KIP changes consensus. A KCC is a builder encoding agreement, no consensus change: its README says it, "KCCs do not propose changes to Kaspa consensus or core-node behavior." A merged, Active KIP is law; an open KCC PR is still argued.</p>
<h2 id="kip" style="margin-top:1.4rem;">Kaspa Improvement Proposals</h2>
<p><span id="kip-total">15</span> total, <span id="kip-active">11</span> Active. Implemented: running. Active: merged and adopted. Proposed/Draft: still open. Rejected: turned down.</p>
<div id="kip-groups">
<details class="deep-dive" open>
<summary>KIP 1–6, the foundational batch (2 of 6 active)</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>KIP</th><th>Title</th><th>Layer</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">1</td><td data-label="Title">Rewriting the full node in Rust</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Node</td><td data-label="Status">Implemented</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">2</td><td data-label="Title">Upgrade consensus to follow DAGKNIGHT</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, API/RPC</td><td data-label="Status">Proposed</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">3</td><td data-label="Title">Block sampling for efficient DAA with high BPS</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus</td><td data-label="Status">Rejected</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">4</td><td data-label="Title">Sparse difficulty windows</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">5</td><td data-label="Title">Message signing</td><td data-label="Layer">Applications</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">6</td><td data-label="Title">Proof of Chain Membership</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Applications</td><td data-label="Status">Draft</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</details>
<details class="deep-dive">
<summary>KIP 9–15, consensus and script-engine expansion (5 of 5 active)</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>KIP</th><th>Title</th><th>Layer</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">9</td><td data-label="Title">Extended mass formula for mitigating state bloat</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Mempool, P2P</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">10</td><td data-label="Title">New transaction opcodes for enhanced script functionality</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Script Engine</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">13</td><td data-label="Title">Transient storage handling</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">14</td><td data-label="Title">The <span class="term-def" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-describedby="crescendo-def-kips">Crescendo<span class="term-def__panel" id="crescendo-def-kips">The May 2025 upgrade that sped Kaspa's mainnet from one block a second to ten.</span></span> hardfork</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">15</td><td data-label="Title">Canonical transaction ordering and sequencing commitments</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</details>
<details class="deep-dive">
<summary>KIP 16–21, the Toccata batch (4 of 4 active)</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>KIP</th><th>Title</th><th>Layer</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">16</td><td data-label="Title">ZK precompile opcode</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Script Engine</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">17</td><td data-label="Title"><span class="term-def" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-describedby="covenant-def-kips">Covenants<span class="term-def__panel" id="covenant-def-kips">A rule attached to a coin that the network itself checks on every spend, not a server's promise.</span></span> and improved scripting capabilities</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Script Engine</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">20</td><td data-label="Title">Covenant IDs</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Script Engine</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="KIP">21</td><td data-label="Title">Partitioned sequencing commitment with O(activity) proving</td><td data-label="Layer">Consensus, Chain-Block UTXO Validation</td><td data-label="Status">Active</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</details>
</div>
<p class="live-footnote" id="kip-stamp">Baseline: KIP repository, 14 September 2026; table refreshes live on load.</p>
<p>KIPs 16, 17, 20, 21 went Active 15 July 2026, at Toccata mainnet: <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/31">KIP-16</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/32">KIP-17</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/35">KIP-20</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/pull/36">KIP-21</a>.</p>
<p>KIP-2, the <a href="#parameterless-demo">DAGKnight</a> upgrade, has stayed Proposed for years: devnet only, no date; demo below runs it against GHOSTDAG. KIPs 7, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 22-25 are open PRs, hence the table gaps. <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips">Repository</a>.</p>
</section>
<section class="section" aria-labelledby="parameterless-heading">
<p class="eyebrow">Try it</p>
<h2 id="parameterless-heading">A margin fixed in advance, against one that tracks the network</h2>
<div class="kip-parameterless-demo" id="parameterless-demo">
<p class="lede">A <span class="term-def" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-describedby="par-margin-def">margin<span class="term-def__panel" id="par-margin-def">Blocks arriving at once before one looks like an attack. The paper calls it k.</span></span>, too low, rejects honest blocks; too high wastes time.</p>
<div class="panel">
<div class="row bps-block">
<div class="field">
<label for="par-bps-slider">Block rate, in blocks per second</label>
<input type="range" id="par-bps-slider" min="1" max="100" step="1" value="10" aria-describedby="par-bps-out par-bps-hint">
<span class="valline" id="par-bps-out">10 blocks per second (Kaspa mainnet's Crescendo-era rate)</span>
<span class="valline info-affordance" id="par-bps-hint">Runs past mainnet's rate on purpose.
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-bps-hint-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">Why the range goes to 100</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-bps-hint-panel">rusty-kaspa ships a lookup table that stops at 32 blocks per second. The formula behind it runs at any rate; the table is the limit, not the math. Push λ up while D stays fixed and PHANTOM's own confirmation time under attack grows exponentially in the paper's own bound, the harder reason to stop, not a shrinking security threshold: that decay is Nakamoto Consensus's problem, not PHANTOM's.</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="field">
<label for="par-d-slider">Slowest block delivery GHOSTDAG assumes in advance</label>
<input type="range" id="par-d-slider" min="0.5" max="15" step="0.5" value="5" aria-describedby="par-d-out">
<span class="valline info-affordance">
<span id="par-d-out">Assumed worst case: 5.0 s (mainnet's real setting) → margin needed: 124 blocks (mainnet's real margin)</span>
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-d-out-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">Where 5 seconds and 124 come from</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-d-out-panel">5 s is rusty-kaspa's own <code>NETWORK_DELAY_BOUND</code> constant (<code>consensus/core/src/config/constants.rs</code><span class="tuck">,</span> checked 2026-08-25). <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/blob/master/kip-0014.md">KIP-14</a>, the Crescendo hardfork, sets D = 5, δ = 0.01 and states the resulting margin is "recalculated to be 124." Neither number is a choice this page made; both are what mainnet runs today.</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top:.8rem;">
<div class="field">
<label id="par-l-label" for="par-l-slider">How long block delivery actually takes</label>
<input type="range" class="primary" id="par-l-slider" min="0.5" max="20" step="0.5" value="0.5" aria-labelledby="par-l-label" aria-describedby="par-l-out par-l-hint">
<span class="valline" id="par-l-out">0.5 s (margin this actually needs: 18 blocks)</span>
<span class="valline info-affordance" id="par-l-hint">Not a measured figure.
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-l-hint-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">Why 0.5 seconds, and what this dial does not claim</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-l-hint-panel">No published measurement of Kaspa's real block propagation exists to cite, so 0.5 s opens as a representative assumption, not a measured figure; real propagation varies with peer distance and network load. Move the slider or pick a scenario below.</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="scenario-btns" role="group" aria-label="Latency scenario presets" style="margin-top:.7rem;">
<button class="btn" type="button" data-l="0.5" aria-pressed="true">Healthy (0.5 s)</button>
<button class="btn" type="button" data-l="2">Typical (2 s)</button>
<button class="btn" type="button" data-l="5">Congested (5 s)</button>
<button class="btn" type="button" data-l="12">Adversarial spike (12 s)</button>
</div>
<div class="row" style="margin-top:.8rem;">
<div class="field">
<label for="par-alpha-slider">Hypothetical attacker's mining share</label>
<input type="range" id="par-alpha-slider" min="1" max="49" step="1" value="10" aria-describedby="par-alpha-out par-alpha-hint">
<span class="valline"><span id="par-alpha-out">10%</span></span>
<span class="valline info-affordance" id="par-alpha-hint">Hypothetical, not observed.
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-alpha-hint-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">Why 10%, and what this dial imagines</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-alpha-hint-panel">Mainnet has no known attacker; this dial imagines one so the guarantees below mean something. 10% opens as a serious but not fringe threat, below the 50% share both formulas assume never happens.</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cmp">
<div class="side" id="par-side-fixed">
<h3>GHOSTDAG <span class="status-pill live">Live</span> · fixed margin <span class="info-affordance" id="par-fixed-sub-info">
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-fixed-sub-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">What this side is</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-fixed-sub-panel">Fixed table, stops at 32 bps.</span>
</span></h3>
<div class="gauge-row"><span>margin it is configured for</span><output id="par-fixed-k-out">124 blocks</output></div>
<div class="gauge-row"><span>margin these conditions need</span><output id="par-fixed-req-out">18 blocks</output></div>
<div class="gauge"><div class="fill" id="par-fixed-fill" style="width:11%; background:var(--cyan);"></div><div class="cap" id="par-fixed-cap" style="left:80%;"></div></div>
<p id="par-fixed-tableend" class="over-badge" hidden></p>
<p id="par-fixed-over" class="over-badge" hidden></p>
<div class="gauge-row"><span class="info-affordance">Worst case, guaranteed
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-fixed-time-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">What this guarantee assumes</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-fixed-time-panel">The DAG KNIGHT paper's own no-visible-attack bound (§1.5.2), computed at a stated 1% error tolerance. Uses D<sub>max</sub>, the assumed delay set by the D slider above, held fixed regardless of what the network is actually doing.</span>
</span><output id="par-fixed-time-out">4.3 min</output></div>
<div class="verdict safe" id="par-fixed-verdict" role="status">No honest block looks like an attack at this delivery speed.</div>
</div>
<div class="side" id="par-side-adaptive">
<h3>DAGKnight <span class="status-pill research">Research</span> · adjustable margin <span class="info-affordance" id="par-adapt-sub-info">
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-adapt-sub-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">What this side is</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-adapt-sub-panel">Tracks actual latency.</span>
</span></h3>
<div class="gauge-row"><span>margin it is running right now</span><output id="par-adapt-k-out">18 blocks</output></div>
<div class="gauge"><div class="fill" id="par-adapt-fill" style="width:11%; background:var(--green);"></div></div>
<div class="gauge-row"><span class="info-affordance">Worst case, guaranteed
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-adapt-time-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">What this guarantee assumes</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-adapt-time-panel">The same DAG KNIGHT no-visible-attack bound (§1.5.2) as GHOSTDAG's, at the same 1% error tolerance. Uses D<sub>t</sub>, the actual-latency slider above, tracked instead of assumed in advance.</span>
</span><output id="par-adapt-time-out">3.7 s</output></div>
<div class="verdict adaptive" id="par-adapt-verdict" role="status">Nobody has to retune this by hand when the network slows down.</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="sub" style="max-width:74ch; margin:.6rem auto 0; text-align:center;">Neither number above is
what a payment waits for. Both bound the worst case.</p>
<p class="sub" style="max-width:74ch; margin:.55rem auto 0; text-align:center;">A transaction is typically
<em>included</em> in about a second.
<span class="info-affordance">
<button class="info-affordance__trigger" type="button" aria-describedby="par-observed-panel">
<i class="info-affordance__glyph" aria-hidden="true">i</i>
<span class="sr-only">Inclusion vs confirmation</span>
</button>
<span class="info-affordance__panel" id="par-observed-panel">Inclusion lands a tx; confirmation is when reversal stops being a risk (<a href="/why-kaspa-matters#confirmation-risk-demo">demo</a>). Figure: <a href="/what-is-kaspa">What is Kaspa?</a></span>
</span></p>
<p class="payoff-line" id="par-payoff-line" role="status"></p>
<details>
<summary>DAGKnight: calm versus under attack <span class="status-pill research">Research</span></summary>
<p class="sub" style="max-width:74ch; margin:.6rem auto 0; text-align:center;">Same formula, same dials: DAGKnight against itself, no visible attack against one visibly under way.</p>
<div class="cmp">
<div class="side" id="par-side-optimistic">
<h3>No visible attack</h3>
<p class="sub">Every block looks honest right now.</p>
<div class="gauge-row"><span>predicted wait</span><output id="par-opt-time-out"></output></div>
<div class="verdict safe" id="par-opt-verdict" role="status"></div>
</div>
<div class="side" id="par-side-pessimistic">
<h3>Attack visibly under way</h3>
<p class="sub">An attacker is actively forking the DAG.</p>
<div class="gauge-row"><span>predicted wait</span><output id="par-pess-time-out"></output></div>
<div class="gauge"><div class="fill" id="par-pess-fill" style="background:var(--orange);"></div></div>
<div class="verdict unsafe" id="par-pess-verdict" role="status"></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="payoff-line" id="par-regime-payoff-line" role="status"></p>
</details>
<div class="panel">
<h3>What this costs</h3>
<p class="sub caveat-lead">Not shipped, not parameter-free, efficiency unsolved.</p>
<details>
<summary>Caveats and sources</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Caveat</th><th>Detail</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">Not shipped</td><td data-label="Detail"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/blob/master/kip-0002.md">KIP-2</a> remains Proposed. The unmerged <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/tree/dagknight"><code>dagknight</code> branch</a> was still active through its 8 September 2026 head, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/commit/ad45e241e6688a14901fd24dd8dc33c5c9a33f40"><code>ad45e241</code></a>; no Rusty Kaspa release activates it, and mainnet remains GHOSTDAG.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">Not actually parameter-free</td><td data-label="Detail">The paper still requires a client-set bound D covering the latency an attacker could cause, not what the network currently shows (Pass-Shi, Theorem 14). A calm network doesn't license a low D.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">A visible attack doesn't slow every payment</td><td data-label="Detail">A transaction with no visible conflicting spend still confirms on the optimistic timeline above even while the pessimistic case plays out elsewhere in the DAG (§4, footnote 14).</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">Efficiency is unsolved</td><td data-label="Detail">KIP-2 itself lists DAGKnight's pseudocode as "highly inefficient" and its rewrite unfinished, a stated reason this is still research four years on.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">The 32-BPS ceiling belongs to GHOSTDAG, not DAGKnight</td><td data-label="Detail">rusty-kaspa's <code>Bps<BPS>::ghostdag_k()</code> is a hardcoded match on precomputed values for 1 through 32; past that the fallback arm reads <code>panic!("see gen_ghostdag_table for currently supported values")</code> (<code>consensus/core/src/config/bps.rs</code><span class="tuck">,</span> checked 2026-08-22).</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">Which is why the slider keeps going</td><td data-label="Detail">GHOSTDAG needs a k chosen in advance for a given rate; past 32 means computing a new k and hard-forking. Removing that a priori k is <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/blob/master/kip-0002.md">KIP-2</a>'s whole premise, so DAGKnight has no table to run out of.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">The upper range is not a target</td><td data-label="Detail">KIP-2 lists the optimal block rate as open research, no number recommended. The repeated "100 blocks/sec, netsplit-resilient" figure traces only to kaspa.org's marketing pages, unconfirmed by any KIP, release, or core-contributor statement.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">No published cost figure, but real efficiency work</td><td data-label="Detail">Contributor coderofstuff (40 commits) builds the UMC-voting redesign on personal fork branches, then merges into kaspanet's own <code>dagknight</code> branch; <code>dk-umc-proposed</code> merged August 14, 2026.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Caveat">The write-up explaining it isn't kaspanet's</td><td data-label="Detail">It names KIP-2's "highly inefficient" bottleneck: the paper's recursive UMC-voting algorithm at O(n squared) worst case, with an O(n times K) amortized replacement proposed, on an unofficial personal wiki. The code is real, unmerged to master, not the shipped algorithm.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</ul>
</details>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Model, formula, and citations</summary>
<div class="model-body">
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Topic</th><th>Explanation</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">GHOSTDAG's k</td><td data-label="Explanation">rusty-kaspa's own derivation: <code>k = min k̂ such that P(anticone > k̂) < δ</code><span class="tuck">,</span> from <code>x = 2·D·λ</code> (D = assumed max delay, λ = blocks/second) via a Poisson-tail sum. Mainnet's constants are <code>NETWORK_DELAY_BOUND = 5s</code> and <code>GHOSTDAG_TAIL_DELTA = 0.01</code> (<code>consensus/core/src/config/{constants,bps}.rs</code><span class="tuck">)</span>. At λ = 10, D = 5s, k = 124, matching <code>bps.rs</code>'s table (below).</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">Does a higher block rate lengthen confirmation?</td><td data-label="Explanation">Yes, per the paper (§1.2): "many blocks are created in parallel, blocks suffer from larger anticones, and transactions take longer to confirm," adding "Kaspa's convergence time remains in the order of tens of seconds even when its latency is way below 10 seconds."</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">The guarantee readouts</td><td data-label="Explanation">Compute the paper's no-visible-attack bound (§1.5.2), O((ln(1/ε)/λ + D)/(1−2α) + D²λ), at ε = 0.01, growing with λ at fixed D. The fixed side substitutes D<sub>max</sub> (the D slider); the adaptive side substitutes D<sub>t</sub> (the actual-latency slider): that's the whole difference between the two readouts.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">Sompolinsky's "about 8x," reproduced without inventing a constant</td><td data-label="Explanation">On moving from 10 to 100 blocks a second under GHOSTDAG (Bitcoin Takeover S17 E36, 31:06): "confirmation of transactions will take tens of seconds at least, about 8x long." At a fixed 2 s delay the bound above gives 43 s at ten blocks a second, his "tens of seconds," and 402 s at 100, a 9.3× increase.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">A second, independent check</td><td data-label="Explanation">With D fixed at 5 s, the margin formula verified against <code>bps.rs</code> takes k from 124 blocks at 10 per second to 1,074 at 100, an 8.66× increase. Ten blocks buys ten times the speed only if k stays fixed, and GHOSTDAG's own proof forces k up with λ.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">Table 1, transcribed</td><td data-label="Explanation">The paper compares four ordering rules' asymptotic convergence time, in blocks (multiply by λ⁻¹ for seconds). D<sub>max</sub> is an a priori worst-case latency bound fixed in advance; D<sub>t</sub> is a bound on current, recent latency (table below).</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">SPECTRE's "does not converge"</td><td data-label="Explanation">Why it isn't a candidate: it solves only "weak liveness," not the general consensus problem KNIGHT solves (§1, closing paragraph).</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">PHANTOM's D<sub>max</sub> versus D<sub>t</sub></td><td data-label="Explanation">PHANTOM converges only in terms of D<sub>max</sub>, a worst-case latency chosen in advance, rather than the current D<sub>t</sub> that KNIGHT and SPECTRE track (§4: PHANTOM "converges in terms of D<sub>max</sub> = D only").</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Topic">The gauges</td><td data-label="Explanation">Come from GHOSTDAG's own anticone-tolerance formula, verified against rusty-kaspa's compiled table. This page reads the paper's Figure 4 shape rather than simulating DAGKnight's k-cluster selection; the worst-case bound one click down leaves its constant c unstated in the paper, so that side is a rough shape.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table>
<tr><th>bps</th><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>5</td><td>10</td></tr>
<tr><th>k (D = 5 s)</th><td>18</td><td>31</td><td>67</td><td>124</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-wrap" style="overflow-x:auto;">
<table>
<tr><th style="text-align:left;">Protocol</th><th>Visible attack</th><th>No visible attack</th></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;">Nakamoto Consensus</td>
<td>O((ln(1/ε) + D<sub>t</sub>λ) / max{0, (1−α)/(1+D<sub>t</sub>λ) − α})</td>
<td>same, asymptotically</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;">PHANTOM</td>
<td>O(exp(c₁·D<sub>max</sub>λ/(1−2α)) + ln(1/ε)/(1−2α))</td>
<td>O((ln(1/ε) + D<sub>max</sub>λ)/(1−2α))</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;">SPECTRE</td>
<td>does not converge</td>
<td>O((ln(1/ε) + D<sub>t</sub>λ)/(1−2α))</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left;">KNIGHT</td>
<td>O(exp(c₂·D<sub>t</sub>λ/(1−2α)) + ln(1/ε)/(1−2α))</td>
<td>O((ln(1/ε) + D<sub>t</sub>λ)/(1−2α) + (D<sub>t</sub>λ)²)</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Source</th><th>Detail</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="Source"><a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1494">Sompolinsky & Sutton, "The DAG KNIGHT Protocol"</a></td><td data-label="Detail">IACR ePrint 2022/1494, rev. 24 Feb 2023 (<a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/archive/versions/2022/1494">version history</a>). §§1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5.2, Theorem 14, Figures 3 to 4.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Source">Sompolinsky, <a href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/bitcoin-takeover-podcast">Bitcoin Takeover</a></td><td data-label="Detail">S17 E36 (31:06). Episode page unlocatable as of 24 Aug 2026; show listing linked instead.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Source"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kips/blob/master/kip-0002.md">KIP-2</a></td><td data-label="Detail">Status: Proposed. No technical revision since 30 Nov 2022.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Source">rusty-kaspa</td><td data-label="Detail"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/consensus/core/src/config/bps.rs">bps.rs</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/consensus/core/src/config/params.rs">params.rs</a>, <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/blob/master/consensus/core/src/config/constants.rs">constants.rs</a>, checked 2026-08-22.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Source">kaspanet/rusty-kaspa</td><td data-label="Detail"><a href="https://api.github.com/repos/kaspanet/rusty-kaspa/commits?sha=dagknight">dagknight commit log</a>, checked 2026-08-22.</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Source">Unofficial</td><td data-label="Detail"><a href="https://github.com/coderofstuff/rusty-kaspa/tree/dagknight">coderofstuff/rusty-kaspa</a>, <a href="https://github.com/coderofstuff/dk-wiki">dk-wiki</a>, checked 2026-08-22.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</details>
<p class="sr-only" aria-live="polite" id="par-live-region"></p>
</div>
<script>
(function(){
"use strict";
function ghostdagK(x, delta){
var kHat = 0, sigma = 0;
var logTerm = -x;
var guard = 0;
while (true){
sigma += Math.exp(logTerm);
if (1 - sigma < delta || guard > 20000) return kHat;
kHat += 1;
logTerm += Math.log(x) - Math.log(kHat);
guard++;
}
}
var DELTA = 0.01; // GHOSTDAG_TAIL_DELTA
var BPS_TABLE_MAX = 32; // rusty-kaspa's Bps<BPS>::ghostdag_k() match arms stop here; the fallback arm panics above it
var BPS_SLIDER_MAX = 100; // exploratory range on this slider only; not a confirmed network target, see honesty note above
var L_SLIDER_MAX = 20;
var bpsSlider = document.getElementById("par-bps-slider");
var dSlider = document.getElementById("par-d-slider");
var lSlider = document.getElementById("par-l-slider");
var bpsOut = document.getElementById("par-bps-out");
var dOut = document.getElementById("par-d-out");
var lOut = document.getElementById("par-l-out");
var fixedKOut = document.getElementById("par-fixed-k-out");
var fixedReqOut = document.getElementById("par-fixed-req-out");
var fixedFill = document.getElementById("par-fixed-fill");
var fixedCap = document.getElementById("par-fixed-cap");
var fixedTableEnd = document.getElementById("par-fixed-tableend");
var fixedOver = document.getElementById("par-fixed-over");
var fixedTimeOut = document.getElementById("par-fixed-time-out");
var fixedVerdict = document.getElementById("par-fixed-verdict");
var adaptKOut = document.getElementById("par-adapt-k-out");
var adaptFill = document.getElementById("par-adapt-fill");
var adaptTimeOut = document.getElementById("par-adapt-time-out");
var adaptVerdict = document.getElementById("par-adapt-verdict");
var payoffLine = document.getElementById("par-payoff-line");
var alphaSlider = document.getElementById("par-alpha-slider");
var alphaOut = document.getElementById("par-alpha-out");
var optTimeOut = document.getElementById("par-opt-time-out");
var optVerdict = document.getElementById("par-opt-verdict");
var pessTimeOut = document.getElementById("par-pess-time-out");
var pessFill = document.getElementById("par-pess-fill");
var pessVerdict = document.getElementById("par-pess-verdict");
var regimePayoffLine = document.getElementById("par-regime-payoff-line");
var EPSILON = 0.01;
var LN_INV_EPS = Math.log(1 / EPSILON);
var PESS_C = 1;
var SECONDS_PER_YEAR = 365.25 * 86400;
// The paper calls this exact bound "far from tight" (section 1.5.2) past roughly 100 years;
// below that this prints an exact duration, past it a meter and an order of magnitude
// instead of a longer digit string.
var LOOSE_BOUND_YEARS_LOG10 = Math.log(100) / Math.LN10;
function fmtSecondsHuman(s){
if (s < 1) return Math.round(s * 1000) + " ms";
if (s < 60) return (s < 10 ? s.toFixed(1) : Math.round(s)) + " s";
if (s < 3600) return (s / 60).toFixed(1) + " min";
if (s < 86400) return Math.round(s / 3600) + " h";
if (s < 604800) return Math.round(s / 86400) + " d";
if (s < 31557600) return Math.round(s / 604800) + " wk";
return Math.round(s / 31557600) + " yr";
}
// Formats a duration given only its natural log in seconds, so the attacked-case
// bound (which routinely produces astronomical results) never has to pass through
// Math.exp() and overflow. Below ~100 years it prints an exact human duration; past
// that it prints an order of magnitude instead of a digit string the page would then
// have to apologize for.
function fmtLogSecondsHuman(lnSeconds){
var log10Years = (lnSeconds - Math.log(SECONDS_PER_YEAR)) / Math.LN10;
if (log10Years < 6) return fmtSecondsHuman(Math.exp(lnSeconds));
return "~10^" + Math.floor(log10Years) + " yr";
}
// The paper's own pessimistic (visible-attack) confirmation-time bound, restated in
// both Table 1 and section 1.5.2: O((1/lambda)*(exp(c*D*lambda/(1-2*alpha)) +
// ln(1/eps)/(1-2*alpha))). D is the paper's D_max (PHANTOM, fixed worst case) or D_t
// (KNIGHT, tracked recent latency); that substitution is the only difference between
// the two protocols in this formula. Returns the natural log of the bound in seconds,
// computed in log space so a huge exponent never has to pass through Math.exp().
function pessimisticBoundLn(D, BPS, alpha){
var denom = 1 - 2 * alpha;
var expArg = PESS_C * D * BPS / denom;
var lnEpsTerm = LN_INV_EPS / denom;
var lnSum = expArg > 40 ? expArg : Math.log(Math.exp(expArg) + lnEpsTerm);
return lnSum - Math.log(BPS);
}
// The paper's own optimistic (no visible attack) confirmation-time bound, restated in
// both Table 1 and section 1.5.2: O((ln(1/eps)/lambda + D)/(1-2*alpha) + D^2*lambda).
// Unlike the pessimistic bound above, this one carries no unspecified constant, so its
// output is a real number the paper commits to, not an illustrative placeholder. D is
// D_max (PHANTOM, fixed) or D_t (KNIGHT, tracked); that substitution is the only
// difference between the two protocols here too.
function optimisticBoundSeconds(D, BPS, alpha){
var denom = 1 - 2 * alpha;
return (LN_INV_EPS / BPS + D) / denom + D * D * BPS;
}
function renderRegimes(BPS, L, alpha){
var denom = 1 - 2 * alpha;
var optSeconds = optimisticBoundSeconds(L, BPS, alpha);
optTimeOut.textContent = fmtSecondsHuman(optSeconds);
optVerdict.textContent = "No cap to exceed here, just a wait.";
var lnPessSeconds = pessimisticBoundLn(L, BPS, alpha);
var log10Years = (lnPessSeconds - Math.log(SECONDS_PER_YEAR)) / Math.LN10;
var pessLabel, pessFillPct;
if (log10Years < LOOSE_BOUND_YEARS_LOG10){
pessLabel = fmtLogSecondsHuman(lnPessSeconds);
pessFillPct = Math.max(4, (log10Years / LOOSE_BOUND_YEARS_LOG10) * 30);
pessVerdict.textContent = "The paper's worst-case bound for a visible attack, at this rate and share.";
} else {
pessLabel = "off the scale, past 10^" + Math.floor(log10Years) + " years";
pessFillPct = Math.min(100, 30 + (log10Years - LOOSE_BOUND_YEARS_LOG10) * 2.5);
pessVerdict.textContent = "The paper calls this exact bound \"far from tight\": the growth is real, the precise digit past this point is not.";
}
pessTimeOut.textContent = pessLabel;
pessFill.style.width = pessFillPct + "%";
regimePayoffLine.textContent = "Calm: " + fmtSecondsHuman(optSeconds) + ". Under attack: " + pessLabel + ".";
}
function render(){
var BPS = parseFloat(bpsSlider.value);
var D = parseFloat(dSlider.value);
var L = parseFloat(lSlider.value);
var alpha = parseFloat(alphaSlider.value) / 100;
alphaOut.textContent = alphaSlider.value + "%";
var beyondTable = BPS > BPS_TABLE_MAX;
// Past 32 bps rusty-kaspa has no table entry, but the formula behind
// the table runs at any rate. Compute it rather than freeze, so the
// reader sees what extending GHOSTDAG would actually cost.
var configuredK = ghostdagK(2 * D * BPS, DELTA);
var requiredK = ghostdagK(2 * L * BPS, DELTA);
bpsOut.textContent = BPS + " block" + (BPS === 1 ? "" : "s") + " per second" +
(BPS === 10 ? " (Kaspa mainnet's Crescendo-era rate)" : "") +
(beyondTable ? ", past GHOSTDAG's table, which stops at 32" : "");
var dIsMainnet = D === 5;
var kIsMainnet = dIsMainnet && BPS === 10;
dOut.textContent = "Assumed worst case: " + D.toFixed(1) + " s" + (dIsMainnet ? " (mainnet's real setting)" : "") +
" → margin needed: " + configuredK + " blocks" + (kIsMainnet ? " (mainnet's real margin)" : "") +
(beyondTable ? " (computed, past the shipped table)" : "");
lOut.textContent = L.toFixed(1) + " s (margin this actually needs: " + requiredK + " blocks)";
fixedKOut.textContent = configuredK + " blocks";
fixedReqOut.textContent = requiredK + " blocks";
var over = requiredK > configuredK;
var scale = Math.max(configuredK, requiredK) * 1.25;
fixedCap.style.left = ((configuredK / scale) * 100) + "%";
fixedFill.style.width = ((requiredK / scale) * 100) + "%";
fixedFill.style.background = over ? "var(--orange)" : "var(--cyan)";
if (beyondTable){
fixedTableEnd.hidden = false;
fixedTableEnd.textContent = "Past the shipped table";
} else {
fixedTableEnd.hidden = true;
}
if (over){
var factor = (requiredK / configuredK);
fixedOver.hidden = false;
fixedOver.textContent = factor.toFixed(1) + "× over margin";
} else {
fixedOver.hidden = true;
}
// The paper's own optimistic (no visible attack) confirmation-time formula
// (Table 1, section 1.5.2), not the k/BPS proxy above and not the pessimistic
// worst-case bound one click down: PHANTOM (this side) uses D_max, the assumed
// worst-case delay, fixed by the slider above regardless of what the network is
// actually doing. This formula carries no unspecified constant.
var fixedOptSeconds = optimisticBoundSeconds(D, BPS, alpha);
fixedTimeOut.textContent = fmtSecondsHuman(fixedOptSeconds);
if (beyondTable){
fixedVerdict.className = "verdict unsafe";
fixedVerdict.textContent = "rusty-kaspa has no table entry at this rate. Running this margin on mainnet means hard-forking the constant in ahead of time, the a-priori choice DAGKnight removes.";
} else if (over){
fixedVerdict.className = "verdict unsafe";
fixedVerdict.textContent = "Honest blocks now fall outside the margin, and the network reads them as an attack.";
} else {
fixedVerdict.className = "verdict safe";
fixedVerdict.textContent = "No honest block looks like an attack at this delivery speed.";
}
adaptKOut.textContent = requiredK + " blocks";
adaptFill.style.width = ((requiredK / scale) * 100) + "%";
// Same formula, same shared alpha and epsilon; KNIGHT (this side) uses D_t, the
// tracked-latency slider, instead of D_max. That substitution is the only thing that
// differs from the fixed side above.
var adaptOptSeconds = optimisticBoundSeconds(L, BPS, alpha);
adaptTimeOut.textContent = fmtSecondsHuman(adaptOptSeconds);
adaptVerdict.textContent = "Nobody has to retune this by hand when the network slows down.";
// Ratio between the two sides' bounds. This formula has no unspecified constant, so
// this ratio, unlike the pessimistic one one click down, is a real number the paper
// commits to, not an illustrative one.
// One idea per sentence: the guarantee-time sentence used to carry two
// quantities and a multiplier in a single clause ("...4.3 min against
// DAGKnight's 3.7 s; GHOSTDAG's is currently 69.4x DAGKnight's"), which read
// as a single dense breath. The multiplier now attaches to the slower side's
// own number instead of trailing as a bolt-on fragment, so the sentence names
// one relationship, not three separate facts stitched together.
var ratioMultiple = fixedOptSeconds >= adaptOptSeconds ?
(fixedOptSeconds / adaptOptSeconds).toFixed(1) + "×" :
(adaptOptSeconds / fixedOptSeconds).toFixed(1) + "×";
var boundNote;
if (fixedOptSeconds > adaptOptSeconds * 1.02) {
boundNote = "GHOSTDAG's guarantee runs " + ratioMultiple + " as long as DAGKnight's here, because the actual latency set above is better than its fixed assumption.";
} else if (adaptOptSeconds > fixedOptSeconds * 1.02) {
boundNote = "DAGKnight's guarantee runs " + ratioMultiple + " as long as GHOSTDAG's here, because the actual latency set above is worse than GHOSTDAG's fixed assumption.";
} else {
boundNote = "Both guarantees land at about the same point right now.";
}
if (beyondTable){
payoffLine.textContent = boundNote + " That gap is the whole “parameterless” claim.";
} else if (over){
payoffLine.textContent = "Honest blocks now read as an attack to GHOSTDAG, which is fixed at " + D.toFixed(1) + " s of assumed delay. " + boundNote;
} else {
// The trailing sentence used to restate the two panel headings, "fixed margin"
// and "adjustable margin", which are three inches away and already say it.
payoffLine.textContent = boundNote;
}
var live = document.getElementById("par-live-region");
live.textContent = beyondTable ? "Past the shipped table: the fixed margin is computed from the formula, not read from rusty-kaspa." :
(over ? "The fixed-margin side is now unsafe at this latency." : "The fixed-margin side is safe at this latency.");
renderRegimes(BPS, L, alpha);
}
function clearScenarioState(){
Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll("#parameterless-demo .scenario-btns button"), function(b){ b.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "false"); });
}
bpsSlider.addEventListener("input", render);
dSlider.addEventListener("input", function(){ clearScenarioState(); render(); });
lSlider.addEventListener("input", function(){ clearScenarioState(); render(); });
alphaSlider.addEventListener("input", render);
Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll("#parameterless-demo .scenario-btns button"), function(btn){
btn.addEventListener("click", function(){
lSlider.value = btn.getAttribute("data-l");
Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.querySelectorAll("#parameterless-demo .scenario-btns button"), function(b){ b.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "false"); });
btn.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "true");
render();
});
});
render();
})();
</script>
</section>
<section class="section">
<p class="eyebrow">Conventions</p>
<h2 id="kcc">Kaspa Calls for Conventions</h2>
<p class="lead">Builder agreements on encoding. Four documents are merged; KCC-1, KCC-2, and KCC-20 are Draft; KCC-0's file says Last Call while the README index says Draft; <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/25">PR #25 proposes Final</a>. None is an accepted standard.</p>
<div id="kcc-groups">
<details class="deep-dive" open>
<summary>The four merged KCCs and their status</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Proposal</th><th>Opened</th><th>State</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0 KCC purpose, format, lifecycle and finalization criteria</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-08-25</td><td data-label="State">Merged, file says Last Call; README index says Draft</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0001 covenant definition, concepts, byte layout and ABI</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-15</td><td data-label="State">Merged, Status: Draft</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0002 authority schemes for program ABIs</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-20</td><td data-label="State">Merged, Status: Draft</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0020 fungible token covenant specification</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-15</td><td data-label="State">Merged, Status: Draft</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</details>
<details class="deep-dive">
<summary id="kcc-open-summary">Open pull requests (7)</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Proposal</th><th>Opened</th><th>State</th></tr></thead>
<tbody id="kcc-body">
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/4">KCC-0402 covenant payment channels</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-19</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/6">KCC-0021 covenant token metadata specification</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-23</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/20">KCC-20 conformance vectors</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-08-29</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/23">KCC-2 ECDSA schemes</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-09-02</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/24">KCC-12</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-09-11</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/25">KCC-0 Final transition</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-09-11</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal"><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/pull/26">KCC-23 Metadata JSON</a></td><td data-label="Opened">2026-09-12</td><td data-label="State">Open pull request</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Both authors claim adoption the repository doesn't confirm: KCC-0021 cites kascov, KaspaRocket; KCC-0402 cites k402, live mainnet payment channels.</p>
</details>
<details class="deep-dive">
<summary>Closed, not merged (2)</summary>
<div class="table-wrap">
<table class="reality-table">
<thead><tr><th>Proposal</th><th>Opened</th><th>State</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0008 through KCC-0024 multi-token, token, and commerce standards</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-25</td><td data-label="State">Closed, not merged (three attempts)</td></tr>
<tr><td data-label="Proposal">KCC-0025 license agreement</td><td data-label="Opened">2026-07-28</td><td data-label="State">Closed, not merged</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</details>
</div>
<p class="live-footnote" id="kcc-stamp">Baseline: KCC repository, 14 September 2026. The checked fallback and client fetch cover open PRs; merged lifecycle labels remain separately sourced from the files and repository index.</p>
<p class="fit-note">KCC-0001 defines a covenant's byte layout. <a href="/build-on-kaspa#covenant-breaker-demo">Covenant breaker demo</a>: attacks a vault, shows the stopping rule.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/blob/main/kcc-0020.md">KCC-0020</a> remains Draft. Its current text treats <code>extension_commitment</code> as part of fungibility: the standard transfer combines only states with identical commitments.</p>
<p class="eyebrow">Try it</p>
<h3>Why two states do not consolidate</h3>
<div class="kip-supply-split-demo" id="supply-split-demo">
<p class="lead">You and Sam hold cells with different extension commitments. The standard transfer treats them as different fungibility classes.</p>
<p class="fictional-note">A made-up token; the standard is real, this token is not.</p>
<div class="stage">
<div class="scene">
<div class="wallet">
<div class="wallet-label">You</div>
<div class="coin-row" id="sup-rowYou"></div>
</div>
<div class="link-glyph" id="sup-linkGlyph" aria-hidden="true">⇄</div>
<div class="wallet">
<div class="wallet-label">Sam</div>
<div class="coin-row" id="sup-rowSam"></div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="supply-line" id="sup-supplyLine">9 coins. <b>One shared supply.</b></p>
<div class="controls">
<button class="action-btn" id="sup-actionBtn" type="button">Change Sam's class</button>
<button class="reset-btn" id="sup-resetBtn" type="button">Reset</button>
</div>
<p class="caption" id="sup-caption">With the same extension commitment, the standard transfer can combine these cells.</p>
</div>
<p class="consequence" id="sup-consequence" role="status" aria-live="polite" hidden>Different fungibility classes require matching extension commitments for the standard transfer.</p>
<details>
<summary>What the spec's own authors said about this</summary>
<div class="quotes-body">
<p class="note">A fictional stand-in for KCC-0020: the standard transfer combines cells only when their extension commitments match.</p>
<blockquote>
“My view is that the combination of extended state, alongside token-specific entry points, allows for various use cases which are not only write-once, nor only for a singleton token. The standard transfer function, though, is meant to transfer fungible tokens, hence, it assumes that inputs and outputs state (excluding ownership and amount) must be identical (or else could not be treated as fungible)”
<cite>Sivan Helfer (Manyfestation), KCC-0020 co-author · <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14</a></cite>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
“I can relate bcs example extensions that come to mind indeed illustrate this. for instance a <code>frozen</code> bool indicator which can be used by stable coin issuer for black listing, indeed renders the token as temporarily non fungible.”
<cite>Michael Sutton, KCC-0020 co-author · <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14</a></cite>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
“I had one conceptual exception, but I think it means it's a wrong pattern. The example would be some contract using the ext state for storing receipt-like information… It mutates all the time but isn't part of the state that matters. I guess this pattern only makes sense if it was well defined as part of the std, and not as an opaque virtual state”
<cite>Michael Sutton, KCC-0020 co-author · <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14</a></cite>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
“I agree that kind of pattern should either be defined in the standard or implemented in a non state storage (maybe the payload, as you once suggested).”
<cite>Sivan Helfer (Manyfestation), KCC-0020 co-author · <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14</a></cite>
</blockquote>
<p class="note">PR #16 merged on 27 August 2026 and made identical <code>extension_commitment</code> a condition of fungibility for the standard transfer. <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/issues/14#issuecomment-5385039279" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Issue #14's reporter said the discussion cleared up the model and that neither proposed fix was right</a>. <a href="https://github.com/kaspanet/kccs/blob/main/kcc-0020.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">KCC-0020</a> remains Draft.</p>
</div>
</details>
</div>
<script>
(function () {
"use strict";
var YOU_COUNT = 4, SAM_COUNT = 5, TOTAL = YOU_COUNT + SAM_COUNT;
var COIN_GLYPH = "●";
var step; // start -> updated -> refused
var rowYou = document.getElementById("sup-rowYou");
var rowSam = document.getElementById("sup-rowSam");
var linkGlyph = document.getElementById("sup-linkGlyph");
var supplyLine = document.getElementById("sup-supplyLine");
var btn = document.getElementById("sup-actionBtn");
var resetBtn = document.getElementById("sup-resetBtn");
var caption = document.getElementById("sup-caption");
var consequence = document.getElementById("sup-consequence");
function buildRow(container, count, flagged) {
container.innerHTML = "";
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
var el = document.createElement("div");
el.className = "coin" + (flagged ? " flagged" : "");
el.textContent = COIN_GLYPH;
el.setAttribute("role", "img");
el.setAttribute("aria-label", (flagged ? "updated coin" : "coin"));
container.appendChild(el);
}
}
function updateSam() {
buildRow(rowSam, SAM_COUNT, true);
supplyLine.innerHTML = TOTAL + " coins. <b>Two fungibility classes now.</b>";
caption.className = "caption";
caption.innerHTML = "Sam's cells now carry a different extension commitment. The standard transfer treats Sam's cells and yours as different fungibility classes.";
btn.textContent = "Pay Sam 2 coins";
step = "updated";
}
function paySam() {
var coins = rowYou.querySelectorAll(".coin");
for (var i = 0; i < 2 && i < coins.length; i++) {
coins[i].classList.add("sending");
}
linkGlyph.textContent = "⊘";
linkGlyph.classList.add("blocked");
caption.className = "caption refuse-msg";
caption.innerHTML = "Refused by the standard transfer. Inputs with different extension commitments cannot be consolidated. A program-specific transition, if defined, has its own rules.";
consequence.hidden = false;
btn.textContent = "Start over";
step = "done";
}
function resetDemo() {