diff --git a/scripts/drift-check.sh b/scripts/drift-check.sh
index 3f851a2a..c174185b 100755
--- a/scripts/drift-check.sh
+++ b/scripts/drift-check.sh
@@ -3,40 +3,20 @@
 # Schema drift check.
 #
 # Verifies that entity definitions do not drift from the migration-produced
-# schema. The check fails when *new* drift is introduced.
-#
-# Pre-existing drift between entities and migrations (index/column/constraint
-# naming mismatches accumulated before a baseline migration existed) is
-# captured in scripts/known-drift.txt. That snapshot is tracked separately in
-# a follow-up issue; this script only fails when the drift differs from the
-# snapshot, i.e. when a model change lacks a corresponding migration.
+# schema. The check fails when `migration:generate --check` reports ANY
+# difference between the entity metadata and the schema produced by running
+# all migrations — model changes without a corresponding migration are
+# rejected.
 set -uo pipefail
 
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
 
-OUT=$(mktemp)
-trap 'rm -f "$OUT"' EXIT
-
 if npx typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:generate -d src/config/datasource.ts \
-  --check drift-check >"$OUT" 2>&1; then
+  --check drift-check >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   echo "✓ No schema drift."
   exit 0
 fi
 
-# Drift detected: extract the generated SQL statements, normalize whitespace,
-# and compare against the known-drift snapshot.
-grep -oE "await queryRunner\.query\(\`[^\`]*" "$OUT" \
-  | sed 's/^await queryRunner\.query(`//' \
-  | sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]]*$//' \
-  | sort >"${OUT}.current"
-
-if diff -q scripts/known-drift.txt "${OUT}.current" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  echo "⚠ Schema drift matches the known snapshot (see issue #1194). No new drift."
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-echo "::error::New schema drift detected — model changes exist without a corresponding migration."
-echo "Run 'pnpm run migration:generate' to create the missing migration, or update scripts/known-drift.txt."
-echo ""
-diff scripts/known-drift.txt "${OUT}.current" | head -60
+echo "::error::Schema drift detected — the database schema produced by migrations does not match the entity definitions."
+echo "Run 'pnpm run migration:generate' to create a migration for the change, or align the entity definitions."
 exit 1
diff --git a/scripts/known-drift.txt b/scripts/known-drift.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 33f8f2bc..00000000
--- a/scripts/known-drift.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,622 +0,0 @@
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "http_method" "public"."audit_logs_http_method_enum"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "http_method" character varying
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "retention_until" TIMESTAMP
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "retention_until" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "timestamp" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "timestamp" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ADD "version" integer NOT NULL DEFAULT '1'
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ALTER COLUMN "action" TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum" USING "action"::"text"::"public"."audit_logs_action_enum"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ALTER COLUMN "action" TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old" USING "action"::"text"::"public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "http_method"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "http_method"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "retention_until"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "retention_until"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "timestamp"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "timestamp"
-ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" DROP COLUMN "version"
-ALTER TABLE "course" ADD "currency" character varying(3) DEFAULT 'USD'
-ALTER TABLE "course" ADD "searchVector" tsvector GENERATED ALWAYS AS (to_tsvector('english', coalesce("title", '') || ' ' || coalesce("description", '') || ' ' || coalesce("category", ''))) STORED NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "course" ADD "searchVector" tsvector NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "course" ADD "search_vector" tsvector
-ALTER TABLE "course" DROP COLUMN "currency"
-ALTER TABLE "course" DROP COLUMN "searchVector"
-ALTER TABLE "course" DROP COLUMN "searchVector"
-ALTER TABLE "course" DROP COLUMN "search_vector"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "notes" text
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "reason" character varying(255)
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "undone_by_id" uuid
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "version" integer NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_454249837abfcca2dce79a2941" CHECK ("successCount" >= 0)
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_63a6345d11ef40993abe0af7d7" CHECK ("failureCount" >= 0)
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_dffedab4e655d35cc59b4ef18f" CHECK ("totalCount" >= 0)
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f994209" FOREIGN KEY ("initiated_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_course_bulk_ops_initiator" FOREIGN KEY ("initiated_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4bf" FOREIGN KEY ("undone_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "notes"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "reason"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "undone_by_id"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "version"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_454249837abfcca2dce79a2941"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_63a6345d11ef40993abe0af7d7"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_dffedab4e655d35cc59b4ef18f"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f994209"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_course_bulk_ops_initiator"
-ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4bf"
-ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_criterion_grades_grade" FOREIGN KEY ("grade_id") REFERENCES "submission_grades"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4b" FOREIGN KEY ("grade_id") REFERENCES "submission_grades"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_criterion_grades_grade"
-ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4b"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "deletedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "deletedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "feedback_templates" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_930875619d15f219f30923b724c" FOREIGN KEY ("authorId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_forum_votes_authorId_users" FOREIGN KEY ("authorId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_930875619d15f219f30923b724c"
-ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_forum_votes_authorId_users"
-ALTER TABLE "messages" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_2db9cf2b3ca111742793f6c37ce" FOREIGN KEY ("senderId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "messages" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_2db9cf2b3ca111742793f6c37ce" FOREIGN KEY ("senderId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "messages" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_f548818d46a1315d4e1d5e62da5" FOREIGN KEY ("recipientId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "messages" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_f548818d46a1315d4e1d5e62da5" FOREIGN KEY ("recipientId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "messages" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_2db9cf2b3ca111742793f6c37ce"
-ALTER TABLE "messages" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_2db9cf2b3ca111742793f6c37ce"
-ALTER TABLE "messages" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_f548818d46a1315d4e1d5e62da5"
-ALTER TABLE "messages" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_f548818d46a1315d4e1d5e62da5"
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057e" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_criteria_rubric" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057e"
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_criteria_rubric"
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e427" FOREIGN KEY ("criterion_id") REFERENCES "rubric_criteria"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_levels_criterion" FOREIGN KEY ("criterion_id") REFERENCES "rubric_criteria"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e427"
-ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_levels_criterion"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "deletedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "deletedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "rubrics" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_1ac0108c79d34d2a1854f22b40f" FOREIGN KEY ("schemaVersionId") REFERENCES "schema_version"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_1ac0108c79d34d2a1854f22b40f" FOREIGN KEY ("schemaVersionId") REFERENCES "schema_version"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" ALTER COLUMN "schemaVersionId" DROP NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" ALTER COLUMN "schemaVersionId" SET NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_1ac0108c79d34d2a1854f22b40f"
-ALTER TABLE "schema_change" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_1ac0108c79d34d2a1854f22b40f"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e103" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_submission_grades_rubric" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP COLUMN "createdAt"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP COLUMN "updatedAt"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e103"
-ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_submission_grades_rubric"
-ALTER TABLE "tier_rewards" ALTER COLUMN "tier" TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" USING "tier"::"text"::"public"."tier_enum_old"
-ALTER TABLE "tier_rewards" ALTER COLUMN "tier" TYPE "public"."tier_rewards_tier_enum" USING "tier"::"text"::"public"."tier_rewards_tier_enum"
-ALTER TABLE "tier_rewards" ALTER COLUMN "version" DROP DEFAULT
-ALTER TABLE "tier_rewards" ALTER COLUMN "version" SET DEFAULT '1'
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" ADD "currency" character varying DEFAULT 'USD'
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" ADD "locale" "public"."user_preferences_locale_enum" NOT NULL DEFAULT 'en-US'
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" ADD "locale" character varying DEFAULT 'en-US'
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" ALTER COLUMN "timezone" DROP NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" ALTER COLUMN "timezone" SET NOT NULL
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" DROP COLUMN "currency"
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" DROP COLUMN "locale"
-ALTER TABLE "user_preferences" DROP COLUMN "locale"
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" DROP DEFAULT
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" DROP DEFAULT
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" SET DEFAULT 'BRONZE'
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" SET DEFAULT 'BRONZE'
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" USING "tier"::"text"::"public"."tier_enum_old"
-ALTER TABLE "user_progress" ALTER COLUMN "tier" TYPE "public"."user_progress_tier_enum" USING "tier"::"text"::"public"."user_progress_tier_enum"
-ALTER TABLE "users" ADD "city" character varying
-ALTER TABLE "users" ADD "country" character varying
-ALTER TABLE "users" ADD "country_code" character varying(2)
-ALTER TABLE "users" ADD "preferred_currency" character varying(3) DEFAULT 'USD'
-ALTER TABLE "users" ADD "timezone" character varying
-ALTER TABLE "users" DROP COLUMN "city"
-ALTER TABLE "users" DROP COLUMN "country"
-ALTER TABLE "users" DROP COLUMN "country_code"
-ALTER TABLE "users" DROP COLUMN "preferred_currency"
-ALTER TABLE "users" DROP COLUMN "timezone"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum" RENAME TO "audit_logs_action_enum_old"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old" RENAME TO "audit_logs_action_enum"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."tier_enum" RENAME TO "tier_enum_old"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."tier_enum" RENAME TO "tier_enum_old"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" RENAME TO "tier_enum"
-ALTER TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" RENAME TO "tier_enum"
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_014bd57abd7a916e466c5aaf80" ON "user_progress" ("totalPoints")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_02781c49b25ceb502571f0315f" ON "invoices" ("payment_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_041cd4f77805d53e3408cb4ae6" ON "runbook_executions" ("incidentId", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_06889a06516d7596f255302f8f" ON "course" ("language")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_06ed7514e57cb8bd0c09ce3be0" ON "recovery_tests" ("status", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_07efa1402eb853c5f117cadc3e" ON "audit_logs" ("ip_address", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_0aababfebc5662624a4a66b639" ON "content_reports" ("reporter_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_0c4a4e0584c4d08a779239d250" ON "runbook_executions" ("startedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_0cab16d7274814ef7b9b021c64" ON "onboarding_steps" ("order")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_139af264ff823c0f6e17be7c8e" ON "achievement_statistics" ("achievementId", "date")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_16a0f89062ed4edd4cce26cc5e" ON "cohort_assignments" ("cohortId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_177b41bfa4c6574e30e95da04e" ON "cohort_threads" ("cohortId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_17b613a55b287678b6f26ab8b2" ON "audit_logs" ("action", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1a15756e257e0eaf01edc85645" ON "subscriptions" ("user_id", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f99420" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("initiated_by_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1b62007f50cea2887ba68ea710" ON "user_achievements" ("unlockedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1b692560d438e5fc6edebbb27d" ON "refunds" ("idempotencyKey")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1bbd38968b7ceca0726aa08af1" ON "course" ("category")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1bdc17982d9e563278575a5e46" ON "user_progress" ("tier")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1d242feeb1db1960342eacd254" ON "rubrics" ("assessment_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1f69fdcbd7ea5f0e52c3230c00" ON "course_reviews" ("course_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_1ff95d74c5186613b05e651802" ON "backup_records" ("status", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_204e9b624861ff4a5b26819210" ON "users" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_20adca3c4217744bfd8a485e98" ON "achievement_progress" ("achievementId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_21202b13906bffe54448b2a553" ON "content_metadata" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_22498516df46fa90e200915793" ON "user_progress" ("xp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_2310ecc5cb8be427097154b18f" ON "tenants" ("slug")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_238b7a7accc697f9dc38bb2fa6" ON "onboarding_steps" ("slug")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_258ef1682aba959da9301e5dee" ON "achievement_statistics" ("achievementId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_26daf5e433d6fb88ee32ce9363" ON "invoices" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_285d81ddb192b90d37f763a2a1" ON "challenges" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_2bd3a6327596cc908d574a8219" ON "course" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_32b41cdb985a296213e9a928b5" ON "payments" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_34cbd320b458b8cf9e0d580304" ON "course_versions" ("course_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_35fb2307535d90a6ed290af1f4" ON "lessons" ("module_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e10" ON "submission_grades" ("rubric_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_38c954e266791189dfd7b6ffc4" ON "analytics_events" ("eventType", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_39a3e3d5ae6501bb9a783a7c7d" ON "audit_logs" ("entity_type", "entity_id", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_3a50f773964d78f404d73bcb36" ON "assessment" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_3ac6bc9da3e8a56f3f7082012d" ON "user_achievements" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_3d8ef5f5715cb3d50315007aee" ON "cohort_threads" ("cohortId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_3dad32ba0ff20feee98b1b0c43" ON "lessons" ("title")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_3f28c2b1ce5590ea0892267033" ON "campaign_recipients" ("campaignId", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_40a00b5a90ba796609b95c6d93" ON "forum_comments" ("parentId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4185366a8d6033a3aad864621d" ON "assessment" ("title")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_423597e129f4f9402c976acce2" ON "unsubscribe_tokens" ("token")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_427785468fb7d2733f59e7d7d3" ON "payments" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_428c3f972502e77d9e2c79051b" ON "unsubscribe_tokens" ("email")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_42bbd07a91fea7e34f175b19fe" ON "tenant_customizations" ("tenantId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_43bd09d8fa296ece993503b6f2" ON "remediation_actions" ("executedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_44893bafa6ef5813a61de5c061" ON "feedback_templates" ("owner_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_467f6869324eebd9de644f4c28" ON "content_reports" ("contentType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_46ad51ba4f4bb7db2817d75419" ON "enrollment" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4b1adfd26c40c48b29a25b4aed" ON "feedback_templates" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4b459011ef4d3e4f8618b404c0" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4bbe32b3f6fca66f54509fe57e" ON "audit_logs" ("user_id", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d018866397b1e7e78d03b4566" ON "roles" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d55d5b6642e4e9677c5af16b3" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_4f14731b3eb7d50d8f4042b355" ON "audit_logs" ("severity", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_55d1a6fc7f56f55d0be5bd59a7" ON "tier_rewards" ("tier")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_5649f3ee460ee3d00ce2114fc5" ON "question" ("prompt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_57833e6da94a22790e6913a509" ON "email_events" ("workflowId", "eventType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_57a1a02c655b30638c3992a8d2" ON "forum_comments" ("threadId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_580f1dbf7bceb9c2cde8baf7ff" ON "payment_methods" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_5d23a7a8f43556bcd03a18a2b6" ON "email_campaigns" ("sentAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_5fb386b7d3d50fd5657ef76c3d" ON "audit_logs" ("retention_until")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_5ff375f35bf59b074f1a64f1b2" ON "webhook_retries" ("status", "nextRetryTime")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_616c8b49254550dbee7f917f3a" ON "tenant_usage_snapshots" ("tenantId", "period")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_629092c0eb5931f28a88932b45" ON "achievement_progress" ("isUnlocked")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_62e0da442361b07616d26593b3" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_633a748d9720d4c3c25f0fc120" ON "lessons" ("order")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_648e3f5447f725579d7d4ffdfb" ON "roles" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_649681c84688d7c74208117d85" ON "point_transactions" ("userId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_65395710ac88af450c5123f030" ON "course_module" ("course_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_66893187eeb7c3198e3d07c595" ON "recovery_tests" ("backup_record_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_66e7e265abeaba7bf6c1d13244" ON "submission_grades" ("attempt_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057" ON "rubric_criteria" ("rubric_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_692a909ee0fa9383e7859f9b40" ON "notifications" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_69752e0d44a35a0dce9d9f06d0" ON "quota_definitions" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_6a5a5816f54d0044ba5f3dc2b7" ON "user_achievements" ("achievementId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_6c7e0cec7358f74ca9222628a1" ON "content_reports" ("moderation_item_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_6ccdf37d6c60e39c8bb617fcfc" ON "point_transactions" ("activityType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_6ccf973355b70645eff37774de" ON "subscriptions" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_6e199fc01241bcb8ec806e0c6a" ON "incidents" ("detectedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_72058429360b0daed61d94fb4f" ON "course" ("instructor_id", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_743b9fb1d2a059f2f7860418e4" ON "payments" ("idempotencyKey")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_756e18fc1918b63fb4d79b4db6" ON "enrollment" ("enrolledAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_75f83ce916d0c7fd99bd23782f" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_7684def1bb4135f494082b34ee" ON "instructor_payouts" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_7967fc2be2ef5327f48d19f474" ON "rubrics" ("owner_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_79782456f7ad0ce730435a950a" ON "content_reports" ("contentId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_79ff7e8ebb1eacf06b71b04d44" ON "criterion_grades" ("criterion_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_7a5ad30aa2b8be04ca4a6d724a" ON "user_progress" ("level")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_7ad75a333a7bcf6a2b5d3517ca" ON "users" ("emailVerificationToken")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_82294735678621182b86847277" ON "feedback_templates" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_862a5402a4d18274a07a2a7ccc" ON "email_campaigns" ("scheduledAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_88dcc148d532384790ab874c3d" ON "audit_logs" ("timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e42" ON "rubric_levels" ("criterion_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_8d5af5c5dbdc0d91ce1178a004" ON "quota_definitions" ("tier", "isActive")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_8dacda0f101c97b73304ddf0fc" ON "instructor_payouts" ("instructor_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_9036fb7240edcc5f620ceff406" ON "email_events" ("campaignId", "eventType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_90d118dc0a422ced2552926a60" ON "user_challenges" ("userId", "challengeId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_91578dceeb42466b9285f29e4b" ON "question" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_91e3503740d174a4599e81ad8a" ON "enrollment" ("user_id", "enrolledAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_92fd74dcbe9b1adad11ff3091d" ON "archived_data" ("entityType", "originalId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_9360325be3f332793f1734704e" ON "cohort_members" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_93f082fa43fdce4811582a4e3c" ON "achievement_progress" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_97672ac88f789774dd47f7c8be" ON "users" ("email")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_a07f0454cce5637fd109a105dd" ON "email_events" ("recipientId", "eventType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_a0fa8c64807caecc993a5d399d" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("user_id", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_a27a3c9d6a41c0fa0fd1cb3f85" ON "course" ("status", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_a8707945701186685e1b5e9c51" ON "content_metadata" ("expires_at")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac0f09364e3701d9ed35435288" ON "invoices" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac1a8d28ac7e2f7aff92b57318" ON "email_campaigns" ("templateId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac27b070934c64650ab339f4c6" ON "notifications" ("updatedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac5edecc1aefa58ed0237a7ee4" ON "course" ("title")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_add2541ebf4aaa7449b173077c" ON "rubrics" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("action", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_category_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("category", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_entity" ON "audit_logs" ("entity_type", "entity_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_ip_address" ON "audit_logs" ("ip_address")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_severity_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("severity", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_user_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("user_id", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_b1cc4fe47a41d78d10f26589be" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("isActive")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_b2f0366aa9349789527e0c36d9" ON "users_roles_roles" ("rolesId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_b3676e630f8875765de2bd587e" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_b5d0e1b57bc6c761fb49e79bf8" ON "user_progress" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_b76aaa5336dcdff6ca464044b6" ON "onboarding_steps" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ba56e0a5617605dcc62cb33f11" ON "cohort_comments" ("threadId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ba7c709a66f7360180c4d1bcd9" ON "rubrics" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_baccb82c6179dca139f6b8c768" ON "course" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_bf8e0f9dd4558ef209ec111782" ON "invoices" ("invoiceNumber")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_bffe933a388d6bde48891ff95a" ON "users" ("passwordResetToken")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c001c66a488dafe7aa8aa19402" ON "content_reports" ("assigned_moderator_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c0085fb66787d45eb374ddef38" ON "badges" ("category")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c0dda6108b7bbd68c6823d4983" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2a89b63635ae2b4cc76f17a08" ON "payments" ("user_id", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2c4377a3e7773772bf670eb47" ON "enrollment" ("user_id", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2e0f2c83c50446d23955dff0a" ON "cohort_assignments" ("cohortId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c47efc904f0620c5a6b35a4f0c" ON "forum_votes" ("entityType", "entityId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c58f7e88c286e5e3478960a998" ON "users" ("tenantId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c5fa169d2de9407d99f2c6e4fa" ON "payments" ("course_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_c93297fa63b08ac2e83972bd5a" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_cd5b89a167f9f9821b70ff88bf" ON "content_metadata" ("content_type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_cdef16da64ce64a5bf79062ec1" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("completedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_cfd29d0da332d5c46d9b073863" ON "tenant_usage_snapshots" ("tenantId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_challenges_type" ON "challenges" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_bulk_ops_initiator" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("initiated_by_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_bulk_ops_type" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("type")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_category" ON "course" ("category")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_currency" ON "course" ("currency")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_language" ON "course" ("language")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_level" ON "course" ("level")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_course_search_vector" ON "course" ("search_vector")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_criterion_grades_criterion" ON "criterion_grades" ("criterion_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_criterion_grades_grade" ON "criterion_grades" ("grade_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d03f18ea29009de1e37a6d156b" ON "enrollment" ("course_id", "enrolledAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d0a95ef8a28188364c546eb65c" ON "subscriptions" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d146560603e5ee3716c519b103" ON "assessment" ("durationMinutes")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d16a377e285494ac71048f2b84" ON "archived_data" ("archivedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d1865366170f468d8eb720f8c8" ON "cohorts" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d1bdbb16e7c11cf73e89d03cf3" ON "forum_threads" ("status", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d2faa8fa665e7cdbd602d557df" ON "backup_records" ("region")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d3e1023a52cb7875b6c10d3a15" ON "email_campaigns" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d3f089bf865364504bda9c2ff6" ON "archived_data" ("entityType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d4b972aafe44b57154abba8db3" ON "analytics_events" ("user_id", "eventType", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d6e7a6c84587eb7809c5b910f8" ON "enrollment" ("course_id", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d6e8c39a1de2c9b659b227c9e6" ON "analytics_events" ("timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d80cf66830a0231b8104893b67" ON "lessons" ("deleted_at")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d9b4760e416c3767d44e5be0fd" ON "email_campaigns" ("subject")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_d9da1249e3125778f926607e9d" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("step_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_da04f89054f39981438894dfe3" ON "permissions" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_dc2b9d46195bb3ed28abbf7c9e" ON "roles_permissions_permissions" ("rolesId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_dd1ce01d1164c8bbdda052ced7" ON "enrollment" ("course_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_deca5c9911b3b2100b36106082" ON "course" ("instructor_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_df951a64f09865171d2d7a502b" ON "users_roles_roles" ("usersId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_dfc023bb093b1afcbc91798837" ON "user_quota_usage" ("userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e00ea7965d1ed8c53b3c85a56e" ON "cohort_members" ("cohortId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e0a5c10dfd4a71af0f150204e9" ON "instructor_payout_profiles" ("instructor_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e0b0b69779afb474ee220573c8" ON "archived_data" ("originalId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e20f751a4d8faf089b1922eaf5" ON "tenant_billing" ("tenantId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e2102fc64215f0a1fcb9ad4879" ON "incidents" ("status", "severity")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e607ca8d8c3d11ccdc725a3dd0" ON "cohort_members" ("cohortId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4" ON "criterion_grades" ("grade_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ea3906521c97279c3ee504a758" ON "audit_logs" ("category", "timestamp")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ec14ddf4e267af8aa908806a97" ON "question" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ec4970e90eebcc7a16efb37816" ON "content_reports" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ed26f5fd557b8fd57cc5db32e7" ON "course" ("level")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4b" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("undone_by_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ee13cd8cabbac2258203bb1c95" ON "backup_records" ("completedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_ef31ae63719e8ca42b0a658438" ON "webhook_retries" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_f1221d9b1aaa64b1f3c98ed46d" ON "user_badges" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_f1d4afbdb77bbb26a461726b68" ON "recovery_tests" ("testCompletedAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_f9614fbc7820536559cdc65147" ON "remediation_actions" ("incidentId", "status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fab34e0791096b2a0a1bf8bd7f" ON "users" ("providerId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fb0b9985fcfe901ed223a5468a" ON "achievement_statistics" ("date")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fc17c7e94154a17e767b7674f1" ON "enrollment" ("user_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fc77d3d8f8101ab793cf17986f" ON "email_campaigns" ("status")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fcd49f4739a516d59675b8134e" ON "payment_methods" ("userId", "isDefault")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fd467ff7c6435655c8d715f221" ON "tenant_configs" ("tenantId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fd4d5d4c7f7ff16c57549b72c6" ON "roles_permissions_permissions" ("permissionsId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_fe0bb3f6520ee0469504521e71" ON "users" ("username")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_feedback_templates_name" ON "feedback_templates" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_feedback_templates_owner" ON "feedback_templates" ("owner_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_forum_comments_parentId" ON "forum_comments" ("parentId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_forum_comments_threadId_createdAt" ON "forum_comments" ("threadId", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_forum_threads_status_createdAt" ON "forum_threads" ("status", "createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_forum_votes_entityType_entityId" ON "forum_votes" ("entityType", "entityId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_point_transactions_activityType" ON "point_transactions" ("activityType")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_point_transactions_user_createdAt" ON "point_transactions" ("createdAt", "userId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_rubric_criteria_rubric" ON "rubric_criteria" ("rubric_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_rubric_levels_criterion" ON "rubric_levels" ("criterion_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_rubrics_assessment" ON "rubrics" ("assessment_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_rubrics_name" ON "rubrics" ("name")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_rubrics_owner" ON "rubrics" ("owner_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_submission_grades_attempt" ON "submission_grades" ("attempt_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_submission_grades_rubric" ON "submission_grades" ("rubric_id")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_tier_rewards_tier" ON "tier_rewards" ("tier")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_translations_namespace_locale" ON "translations" ("namespace", "locale")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_user_challenges_user_challenge" ON "user_challenges" ("userId", "challengeId")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_user_progress_tier" ON "user_progress" ("tier")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_users_country_code" ON "users" ("country_code")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_users_createdAt" ON "users" ("createdAt")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_users_emailVerificationToken" ON "users" ("emailVerificationToken")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_users_passwordResetToken" ON "users" ("passwordResetToken")
-CREATE INDEX "IDX_users_preferred_currency" ON "users" ("preferred_currency")
-CREATE TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum" AS ENUM('LOGIN', 'LOGIN_FAILED', 'LOGOUT', 'REGISTER', 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST', 'PASSWORD_RESET', 'PASSWORD_CHANGE', 'EMAIL_VERIFIED', 'TOKEN_REFRESH', 'SESSION_EXPIRED', 'SESSION_REVOKED', 'USER_CREATED', 'USER_UPDATED', 'USER_DELETED', 'USER_ROLE_CHANGED', 'USER_STATUS_CHANGED', 'DATA_VIEWED', 'DATA_CREATED', 'DATA_UPDATED', 'DATA_DELETED', 'DATA_EXPORTED', 'DATA_IMPORTED', 'FILE_UPLOADED', 'FILE_DOWNLOADED', 'FILE_DELETED', 'FILE_SHARED', 'API_CALLED', 'API_RATE_LIMITED', 'API_ERROR', 'PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY', 'MFA_ENABLED', 'MFA_DISABLED', 'MFA_FAILED', 'CONFIG_CHANGED', 'SETTING_UPDATED', 'BACKUP_CREATED', 'BACKUP_RESTORED', 'RBAC_ROLE_ASSIGNED', 'RBAC_ROLE_REVOKED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_GRANTED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_REVOKED', 'RBAC_ROLE_CREATED', 'RBAC_ROLE_UPDATED', 'RBAC_ROLE_DELETED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_CREATED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_UPDATED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_DELETED', 'DATA_RETENTION_APPLIED', 'AUDIT_LOG_EXPORTED', 'REPORT_GENERATED', 'PAYMENT_RECONCILIATION_MISMATCH')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old" AS ENUM('LOGIN', 'LOGIN_FAILED', 'LOGOUT', 'REGISTER', 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST', 'PASSWORD_RESET', 'PASSWORD_CHANGE', 'EMAIL_VERIFIED', 'TOKEN_REFRESH', 'SESSION_EXPIRED', 'SESSION_REVOKED', 'USER_CREATED', 'USER_UPDATED', 'USER_DELETED', 'USER_ROLE_CHANGED', 'USER_STATUS_CHANGED', 'DATA_VIEWED', 'DATA_CREATED', 'DATA_UPDATED', 'DATA_DELETED', 'DATA_EXPORTED', 'DATA_IMPORTED', 'FILE_UPLOADED', 'FILE_DOWNLOADED', 'FILE_DELETED', 'FILE_SHARED', 'API_CALLED', 'API_RATE_LIMITED', 'API_ERROR', 'PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY', 'MFA_ENABLED', 'MFA_DISABLED', 'MFA_FAILED', 'CONFIG_CHANGED', 'SETTING_UPDATED', 'BACKUP_CREATED', 'BACKUP_RESTORED', 'DATA_RETENTION_APPLIED', 'AUDIT_LOG_EXPORTED', 'REPORT_GENERATED')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."audit_logs_http_method_enum" AS ENUM('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" AS ENUM('BRONZE', 'SILVER', 'GOLD', 'PLATINUM', 'DIAMOND')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old" AS ENUM('BRONZE', 'SILVER', 'GOLD', 'PLATINUM', 'DIAMOND')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."tier_rewards_tier_enum" AS ENUM('BRONZE', 'SILVER', 'GOLD', 'PLATINUM', 'DIAMOND')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."user_preferences_locale_enum" AS ENUM('en-US', 'en-GB', 'fr-FR', 'es-ES', 'de-DE', 'ar-SA')
-CREATE TYPE "public"."user_progress_tier_enum" AS ENUM('BRONZE', 'SILVER', 'GOLD', 'PLATINUM', 'DIAMOND')
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "UQ_forum_votes_entityType_entityId_authorId" ON "forum_votes" ("entityType", "entityId", "authorId")
-DELETE FROM "typeorm_metadata" WHERE "type" = $1 AND "name" = $2 AND "database" = $3 AND "schema" = $4 AND "table" = $5
-DELETE FROM "typeorm_metadata" WHERE "type" = $1 AND "name" = $2 AND "database" = $3 AND "schema" = $4 AND "table" = $5
-DELETE FROM "typeorm_metadata" WHERE "type" = $1 AND "name" = $2 AND "database" = $3 AND "schema" = $4 AND "table" = $5
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_014bd57abd7a916e466c5aaf80"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_02781c49b25ceb502571f0315f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_041cd4f77805d53e3408cb4ae6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_06889a06516d7596f255302f8f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_06ed7514e57cb8bd0c09ce3be0"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_07efa1402eb853c5f117cadc3e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0aababfebc5662624a4a66b639"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0c4a4e0584c4d08a779239d250"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0cab16d7274814ef7b9b021c64"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_139af264ff823c0f6e17be7c8e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_16a0f89062ed4edd4cce26cc5e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_177b41bfa4c6574e30e95da04e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_17b613a55b287678b6f26ab8b2"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1a15756e257e0eaf01edc85645"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f99420"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1b62007f50cea2887ba68ea710"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1b692560d438e5fc6edebbb27d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1bbd38968b7ceca0726aa08af1"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1bdc17982d9e563278575a5e46"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1d242feeb1db1960342eacd254"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1f69fdcbd7ea5f0e52c3230c00"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1ff95d74c5186613b05e651802"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_204e9b624861ff4a5b26819210"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_20adca3c4217744bfd8a485e98"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_21202b13906bffe54448b2a553"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_22498516df46fa90e200915793"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_2310ecc5cb8be427097154b18f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_238b7a7accc697f9dc38bb2fa6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_258ef1682aba959da9301e5dee"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_26daf5e433d6fb88ee32ce9363"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_285d81ddb192b90d37f763a2a1"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_2bd3a6327596cc908d574a8219"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_32b41cdb985a296213e9a928b5"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_34cbd320b458b8cf9e0d580304"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_35fb2307535d90a6ed290af1f4"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e10"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_38c954e266791189dfd7b6ffc4"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_39a3e3d5ae6501bb9a783a7c7d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3a50f773964d78f404d73bcb36"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3ac6bc9da3e8a56f3f7082012d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3d8ef5f5715cb3d50315007aee"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3dad32ba0ff20feee98b1b0c43"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3f28c2b1ce5590ea0892267033"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_40a00b5a90ba796609b95c6d93"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4185366a8d6033a3aad864621d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_423597e129f4f9402c976acce2"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_427785468fb7d2733f59e7d7d3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_428c3f972502e77d9e2c79051b"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_42bbd07a91fea7e34f175b19fe"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_43bd09d8fa296ece993503b6f2"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_44893bafa6ef5813a61de5c061"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_467f6869324eebd9de644f4c28"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_46ad51ba4f4bb7db2817d75419"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4b1adfd26c40c48b29a25b4aed"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4b459011ef4d3e4f8618b404c0"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4bbe32b3f6fca66f54509fe57e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4d018866397b1e7e78d03b4566"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4d55d5b6642e4e9677c5af16b3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4f14731b3eb7d50d8f4042b355"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_55d1a6fc7f56f55d0be5bd59a7"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5649f3ee460ee3d00ce2114fc5"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_57833e6da94a22790e6913a509"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_57a1a02c655b30638c3992a8d2"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_580f1dbf7bceb9c2cde8baf7ff"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5d23a7a8f43556bcd03a18a2b6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5fb386b7d3d50fd5657ef76c3d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5ff375f35bf59b074f1a64f1b2"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_616c8b49254550dbee7f917f3a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_629092c0eb5931f28a88932b45"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_62e0da442361b07616d26593b3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_633a748d9720d4c3c25f0fc120"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_648e3f5447f725579d7d4ffdfb"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_649681c84688d7c74208117d85"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_65395710ac88af450c5123f030"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_66893187eeb7c3198e3d07c595"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_66e7e265abeaba7bf6c1d13244"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_692a909ee0fa9383e7859f9b40"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_69752e0d44a35a0dce9d9f06d0"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6a5a5816f54d0044ba5f3dc2b7"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6c7e0cec7358f74ca9222628a1"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6ccdf37d6c60e39c8bb617fcfc"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6ccf973355b70645eff37774de"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6e199fc01241bcb8ec806e0c6a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_72058429360b0daed61d94fb4f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_743b9fb1d2a059f2f7860418e4"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_756e18fc1918b63fb4d79b4db6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_75f83ce916d0c7fd99bd23782f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7684def1bb4135f494082b34ee"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7967fc2be2ef5327f48d19f474"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_79782456f7ad0ce730435a950a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_79ff7e8ebb1eacf06b71b04d44"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7a5ad30aa2b8be04ca4a6d724a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7ad75a333a7bcf6a2b5d3517ca"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_82294735678621182b86847277"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_862a5402a4d18274a07a2a7ccc"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_88dcc148d532384790ab874c3d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e42"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_8d5af5c5dbdc0d91ce1178a004"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_8dacda0f101c97b73304ddf0fc"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_9036fb7240edcc5f620ceff406"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_90d118dc0a422ced2552926a60"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_91578dceeb42466b9285f29e4b"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_91e3503740d174a4599e81ad8a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_92fd74dcbe9b1adad11ff3091d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_9360325be3f332793f1734704e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_93f082fa43fdce4811582a4e3c"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_97672ac88f789774dd47f7c8be"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a07f0454cce5637fd109a105dd"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a0fa8c64807caecc993a5d399d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a27a3c9d6a41c0fa0fd1cb3f85"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a8707945701186685e1b5e9c51"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac0f09364e3701d9ed35435288"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac1a8d28ac7e2f7aff92b57318"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac27b070934c64650ab339f4c6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac5edecc1aefa58ed0237a7ee4"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_add2541ebf4aaa7449b173077c"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_category_timestamp"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_entity"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_ip_address"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_severity_timestamp"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_timestamp"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_user_timestamp"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b1cc4fe47a41d78d10f26589be"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b2f0366aa9349789527e0c36d9"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b3676e630f8875765de2bd587e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b5d0e1b57bc6c761fb49e79bf8"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b76aaa5336dcdff6ca464044b6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ba56e0a5617605dcc62cb33f11"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ba7c709a66f7360180c4d1bcd9"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_baccb82c6179dca139f6b8c768"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_bf8e0f9dd4558ef209ec111782"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_bffe933a388d6bde48891ff95a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c001c66a488dafe7aa8aa19402"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c0085fb66787d45eb374ddef38"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c0dda6108b7bbd68c6823d4983"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2a89b63635ae2b4cc76f17a08"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2c4377a3e7773772bf670eb47"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2e0f2c83c50446d23955dff0a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c47efc904f0620c5a6b35a4f0c"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c58f7e88c286e5e3478960a998"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c5fa169d2de9407d99f2c6e4fa"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c93297fa63b08ac2e83972bd5a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cd5b89a167f9f9821b70ff88bf"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cdef16da64ce64a5bf79062ec1"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cfd29d0da332d5c46d9b073863"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_challenges_type"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_bulk_ops_initiator"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_bulk_ops_type"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_category"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_currency"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_language"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_level"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_course_search_vector"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_criterion_grades_criterion"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_criterion_grades_grade"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d03f18ea29009de1e37a6d156b"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d0a95ef8a28188364c546eb65c"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d146560603e5ee3716c519b103"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d16a377e285494ac71048f2b84"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d1865366170f468d8eb720f8c8"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d1bdbb16e7c11cf73e89d03cf3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d2faa8fa665e7cdbd602d557df"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d3e1023a52cb7875b6c10d3a15"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d3f089bf865364504bda9c2ff6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d4b972aafe44b57154abba8db3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d6e7a6c84587eb7809c5b910f8"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d6e8c39a1de2c9b659b227c9e6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d80cf66830a0231b8104893b67"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d9b4760e416c3767d44e5be0fd"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d9da1249e3125778f926607e9d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_da04f89054f39981438894dfe3"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dc2b9d46195bb3ed28abbf7c9e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dd1ce01d1164c8bbdda052ced7"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_deca5c9911b3b2100b36106082"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_df951a64f09865171d2d7a502b"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dfc023bb093b1afcbc91798837"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e00ea7965d1ed8c53b3c85a56e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e0a5c10dfd4a71af0f150204e9"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e0b0b69779afb474ee220573c8"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e20f751a4d8faf089b1922eaf5"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e2102fc64215f0a1fcb9ad4879"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e607ca8d8c3d11ccdc725a3dd0"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ea3906521c97279c3ee504a758"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ec14ddf4e267af8aa908806a97"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ec4970e90eebcc7a16efb37816"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ed26f5fd557b8fd57cc5db32e7"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4b"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ee13cd8cabbac2258203bb1c95"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ef31ae63719e8ca42b0a658438"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f1221d9b1aaa64b1f3c98ed46d"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f1d4afbdb77bbb26a461726b68"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f9614fbc7820536559cdc65147"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fab34e0791096b2a0a1bf8bd7f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fb0b9985fcfe901ed223a5468a"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fc17c7e94154a17e767b7674f1"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fc77d3d8f8101ab793cf17986f"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fcd49f4739a516d59675b8134e"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fd467ff7c6435655c8d715f221"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fd4d5d4c7f7ff16c57549b72c6"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fe0bb3f6520ee0469504521e71"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_feedback_templates_name"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_feedback_templates_owner"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_forum_comments_parentId"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_forum_comments_threadId_createdAt"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_forum_threads_status_createdAt"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_forum_votes_entityType_entityId"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_point_transactions_activityType"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_point_transactions_user_createdAt"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_rubric_criteria_rubric"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_rubric_levels_criterion"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_rubrics_assessment"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_rubrics_name"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_rubrics_owner"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_submission_grades_attempt"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_submission_grades_rubric"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_tier_rewards_tier"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_translations_namespace_locale"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_user_challenges_user_challenge"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_user_progress_tier"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_users_country_code"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_users_createdAt"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_users_emailVerificationToken"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_users_passwordResetToken"
-DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_users_preferred_currency"
-DROP INDEX "public"."UQ_forum_votes_entityType_entityId_authorId"
-DROP TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum"
-DROP TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old"
-DROP TYPE "public"."audit_logs_http_method_enum"
-DROP TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old"
-DROP TYPE "public"."tier_enum_old"
-DROP TYPE "public"."tier_rewards_tier_enum"
-DROP TYPE "public"."user_preferences_locale_enum"
-DROP TYPE "public"."user_progress_tier_enum"
-INSERT INTO "typeorm_metadata"("database", "schema", "table", "type", "name", "value") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
-INSERT INTO "typeorm_metadata"("database", "schema", "table", "type", "name", "value") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
-INSERT INTO "typeorm_metadata"("database", "schema", "table", "type", "name", "value") VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/criterion-grade.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/criterion-grade.entity.ts
index 9ea5887c..87667c9b 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/criterion-grade.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/criterion-grade.entity.ts
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ export class CriterionGrade {
   grade: SubmissionGrade;
 
   @Column({ name: 'grade_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_criterion_grades_grade')
   gradeId: string;
 
   @Column({ name: 'criterion_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_criterion_grades_criterion')
   criterionId: string;
 
   /** Selected rubric level (optional when `points` is provided directly). */
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/feedback-template.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/feedback-template.entity.ts
index 728b07c6..4d6c4c6b 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/feedback-template.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/feedback-template.entity.ts
@@ -30,27 +30,27 @@ export class FeedbackTemplate {
   id: string;
 
   @Column()
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_feedback_templates_name')
   name: string;
 
   @Column({ type: 'text' })
   body: string;
 
   @Column({ name: 'owner_id', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_feedback_templates_owner')
   ownerId?: string;
 
   /** When true, this template is auto-selected when none is supplied. */
   @Column({ default: false })
   isDefault: boolean;
 
-  @CreateDateColumn()
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   @Index()
   createdAt: Date;
 
-  @UpdateDateColumn()
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   updatedAt: Date;
 
-  @DeleteDateColumn()
+  @DeleteDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   deletedAt?: Date;
 }
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-criterion.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-criterion.entity.ts
index 47b3dd76..33f8bb93 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-criterion.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-criterion.entity.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export class RubricCriterion {
   rubric: Rubric;
 
   @Column({ name: 'rubric_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_rubric_criteria_rubric')
   rubricId: string;
 
   @Column()
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-level.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-level.entity.ts
index 080030c8..8319f2c9 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-level.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric-level.entity.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class RubricLevel {
   criterion: RubricCriterion;
 
   @Column({ name: 'criterion_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_rubric_levels_criterion')
   criterionId: string;
 
   /** Short label, e.g. "Excellent". */
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric.entity.ts
index 48c63747..738c9f4f 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/rubric.entity.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export class Rubric {
   id: string;
 
   @Column()
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_rubrics_name')
   name: string;
 
   @Column({ type: 'text', nullable: true })
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export class Rubric {
 
   /** Optional owner (instructor/admin) — used for ownership checks. */
   @Column({ name: 'owner_id', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_rubrics_owner')
   ownerId?: string;
 
   /**
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export class Rubric {
    * across many assessments by leaving this null.
    */
   @Column({ name: 'assessment_id', type: 'uuid', nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_rubrics_assessment')
   assessmentId?: string;
 
   /**
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ export class Rubric {
   })
   criteria: RubricCriterion[];
 
-  @CreateDateColumn()
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   @Index()
   createdAt: Date;
 
-  @UpdateDateColumn()
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   updatedAt: Date;
 
-  @DeleteDateColumn()
+  @DeleteDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   deletedAt?: Date;
 }
diff --git a/src/assessment/grading/entities/submission-grade.entity.ts b/src/assessment/grading/entities/submission-grade.entity.ts
index 6ef0b091..1c7402b1 100644
--- a/src/assessment/grading/entities/submission-grade.entity.ts
+++ b/src/assessment/grading/entities/submission-grade.entity.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export class SubmissionGrade {
 
   /** The graded assessment attempt. */
   @Column({ name: 'attempt_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_submission_grades_attempt')
   attemptId: string;
 
   @ManyToOne(() => Rubric, { onDelete: 'RESTRICT' })
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export class SubmissionGrade {
   rubric: Rubric;
 
   @Column({ name: 'rubric_id', type: 'uuid' })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_submission_grades_rubric')
   rubricId: string;
 
   /** Optional grader (admin/instructor). Null when auto-graded. */
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ export class SubmissionGrade {
   @OneToMany(() => CriterionGrade, (cg) => cg.grade, { cascade: true })
   criterionGrades: CriterionGrade[];
 
-  @CreateDateColumn()
+  @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   createdAt: Date;
 
-  @UpdateDateColumn()
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamptz' })
   updatedAt: Date;
 }
diff --git a/src/audit-log/audit-log.entity.ts b/src/audit-log/audit-log.entity.ts
index 39711c2e..fb3a51a7 100644
--- a/src/audit-log/audit-log.entity.ts
+++ b/src/audit-log/audit-log.entity.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,11 @@
-import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, CreateDateColumn, Index } from 'typeorm';
+import {
+  Entity,
+  Column,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+  CreateDateColumn,
+  Index,
+  VersionColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
 import { AuditAction, AuditSeverity, AuditCategory } from './enums/audit-action.enum';
 export enum HttpMethod {
   GET = 'GET',
@@ -22,18 +29,21 @@ export enum HttpMethod {
  *   policy runs without a full table scan.
  */
 @Entity('audit_logs')
-@Index(['userId', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['action', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['category', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['severity', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['entityType', 'entityId', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['ipAddress', 'timestamp'])
-@Index(['timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_user_timestamp', ['userId', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp', ['action', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_category_timestamp', ['category', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_severity_timestamp', ['severity', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_entity', ['entityType', 'entityId', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_ip_address', ['ipAddress', 'timestamp'])
+@Index('IDX_audit_logs_timestamp', ['timestamp'])
 @Index(['retentionUntil']) // required for efficient retention policy deletes
 export class AuditLog {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
 
+  @VersionColumn({ default: 1 })
+  version: number;
+
   // ── Actor ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   @Column({ name: 'user_id', nullable: true })
@@ -93,7 +103,7 @@ export class AuditLog {
   apiEndpoint: string | null;
 
   /** Constrained to known HTTP verbs — free strings invite silent typos. */
-  @Column({ name: 'http_method', type: 'enum', enum: HttpMethod, nullable: true })
+  @Column({ name: 'http_method', nullable: true })
   httpMethod: HttpMethod | null;
 
   @Column({ name: 'status_code', nullable: true })
@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@ export class AuditLog {
 
   // ── Timestamps ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'timestamp' })
+  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'timestamp', type: 'timestamptz' })
   timestamp: Date;
 
   /**
@@ -117,6 +127,6 @@ export class AuditLog {
    * Null means the record is kept indefinitely (e.g. CRITICAL severity logs).
    * Indexed — see class-level @Index.
    */
-  @Column({ name: 'retention_until', nullable: true })
+  @Column({ name: 'retention_until', type: 'timestamptz', nullable: true })
   retentionUntil: Date | null;
 }
diff --git a/src/courses/entities/bulk-operation.entity.ts b/src/courses/entities/bulk-operation.entity.ts
index 636a2847..c1fd7f9f 100644
--- a/src/courses/entities/bulk-operation.entity.ts
+++ b/src/courses/entities/bulk-operation.entity.ts
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export class BulkOperation {
   @JoinColumn({ name: 'initiated_by_id' })
   initiatedBy?: User;
 
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_course_bulk_ops_initiator')
   @Column({
     name: 'initiated_by_id',
     type: 'uuid',
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class BulkOperation {
   })
   undoneById?: string;
 
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_course_bulk_ops_type')
   @Column({
     type: 'enum',
     enum: BulkOperationType,
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export class BulkOperation {
   /**
    * Optimistic locking to prevent concurrent updates.
    */
-  @VersionColumn()
+  @VersionColumn({ default: 1 })
   version: number;
 
   @Index()
diff --git a/src/courses/entities/course.entity.ts b/src/courses/entities/course.entity.ts
index bc2cf76b..ce3bd21b 100644
--- a/src/courses/entities/course.entity.ts
+++ b/src/courses/entities/course.entity.ts
@@ -56,19 +56,30 @@ export class Course {
 
   /** Optional category/tag used for catalog grouping and bulk operations. */
   @Column({ nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_course_category')
   category?: string;
 
   /** Difficulty level, e.g. 'beginner' | 'intermediate' | 'advanced'. Used by search filtering. */
   @Column({ nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_course_level')
   level?: string;
 
   /** ISO 639-1 language code the course is taught in. Used by search filtering. */
   @Column({ nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_course_language')
   language?: string;
 
+  /** ISO 4217 currency code the course is priced in (e.g. "USD"). */
+  @Column({
+    name: 'currency',
+    type: 'varchar',
+    length: 3,
+    default: 'USD',
+    nullable: true,
+  })
+  @Index('IDX_course_currency')
+  currency?: string;
+
   @ManyToOne(() => User, (user) => user.courses)
   instructor: User;
 
@@ -109,6 +120,7 @@ export class Course {
    */
   @Index('IDX_course_search_vector', { synchronize: false })
   @Column({
+    name: 'search_vector',
     type: 'tsvector',
     select: false,
     generatedType: 'STORED',
diff --git a/src/entities/schema_change.entity.ts b/src/entities/schema_change.entity.ts
index 0bf6143c..cd3a2ac1 100644
--- a/src/entities/schema_change.entity.ts
+++ b/src/entities/schema_change.entity.ts
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ export class SchemaChange {
   @CreateDateColumn({ type: 'timestamp with time zone' })
   createdAt: Date;
 
-  @ManyToOne(() => SchemaVersion, (sv) => sv.changes, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @ManyToOne(() => SchemaVersion, (sv) => sv.changes, { onDelete: 'CASCADE', nullable: false })
   schemaVersion: SchemaVersion;
 }
diff --git a/src/forum/entities/forum-comment.entity.ts b/src/forum/entities/forum-comment.entity.ts
index c4ed7004..8d15b24c 100644
--- a/src/forum/entities/forum-comment.entity.ts
+++ b/src/forum/entities/forum-comment.entity.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import {
 import { ForumThread } from './forum-thread.entity';
 
 @Entity('forum_comments')
-@Index(['threadId', 'createdAt'])
-@Index(['parentId'])
+@Index('IDX_forum_comments_threadId_createdAt', ['threadId', 'createdAt'])
+@Index('IDX_forum_comments_parentId', ['parentId'])
 export class ForumComment {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/forum/entities/forum-thread.entity.ts b/src/forum/entities/forum-thread.entity.ts
index 160dcee0..59766acf 100644
--- a/src/forum/entities/forum-thread.entity.ts
+++ b/src/forum/entities/forum-thread.entity.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import {
 import { ForumComment } from './forum-comment.entity';
 
 @Entity('forum_threads')
-@Index(['status', 'createdAt'])
+@Index('IDX_forum_threads_status_createdAt', ['status', 'createdAt'])
 export class ForumThread {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/forum/entities/forum-vote.entity.ts b/src/forum/entities/forum-vote.entity.ts
index 3aab3f53..b68940c4 100644
--- a/src/forum/entities/forum-vote.entity.ts
+++ b/src/forum/entities/forum-vote.entity.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { User } from '../../users/entities/user.entity';
 
 @Entity('forum_votes')
 @Unique(['entityType', 'entityId', 'authorId'])
-@Index(['entityType', 'entityId'])
+@Index('IDX_forum_votes_entityType_entityId', ['entityType', 'entityId'])
 export class ForumVote {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/gamification/entities/challenge.entity.ts b/src/gamification/entities/challenge.entity.ts
index da60049a..7c9b736b 100644
--- a/src/gamification/entities/challenge.entity.ts
+++ b/src/gamification/entities/challenge.entity.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, VersionColumn, Index } from 'ty
  * Represents the challenge entity.
  */
 @Entity('challenges')
-@Index(['type'])
+@Index('IDX_challenges_type', ['type'])
 export class Challenge {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/gamification/entities/point-transaction.entity.ts b/src/gamification/entities/point-transaction.entity.ts
index c6afea44..643fb9be 100644
--- a/src/gamification/entities/point-transaction.entity.ts
+++ b/src/gamification/entities/point-transaction.entity.ts
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import { User } from '../../users/entities/user.entity';
  * Represents the point Transaction entity.
  */
 @Entity('point_transactions')
-@Index(['user', 'createdAt'])
-@Index(['activityType'])
+@Index('IDX_point_transactions_user_createdAt', ['user', 'createdAt'])
+@Index('IDX_point_transactions_activityType', ['activityType'])
 export class PointTransaction {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/gamification/entities/tier-reward.entity.ts b/src/gamification/entities/tier-reward.entity.ts
index ceac5e12..58f3f409 100644
--- a/src/gamification/entities/tier-reward.entity.ts
+++ b/src/gamification/entities/tier-reward.entity.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ import { Tier } from '../enums/tier.enum';
  * Defines the reward granted when a user reaches a specific tier.
  */
 @Entity('tier_rewards')
-@Index(['tier'])
+@Index('IDX_tier_rewards_tier', ['tier'])
 export class TierReward {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
 
-  @VersionColumn()
+  @VersionColumn({ default: 1 })
   version: number;
 
-  @Column({ type: 'enum', enum: Tier, unique: true })
+  @Column({ type: 'enum', enum: Tier, unique: true, enumName: 'tier_enum' })
   tier: Tier;
 
   @Column()
diff --git a/src/gamification/entities/user-challenge.entity.ts b/src/gamification/entities/user-challenge.entity.ts
index 15219f20..e76c045c 100644
--- a/src/gamification/entities/user-challenge.entity.ts
+++ b/src/gamification/entities/user-challenge.entity.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { Challenge } from './challenge.entity';
  * Represents the user Challenge entity.
  */
 @Entity('user_challenges')
-@Index(['user', 'challenge'])
+@Index('IDX_user_challenges_user_challenge', ['user', 'challenge'])
 export class UserChallenge {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
   id: string;
diff --git a/src/gamification/entities/user-progress.entity.ts b/src/gamification/entities/user-progress.entity.ts
index 6daa713c..73181497 100644
--- a/src/gamification/entities/user-progress.entity.ts
+++ b/src/gamification/entities/user-progress.entity.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export class UserProgress {
   @Index()
   xp: number;
 
-  @Column({ type: 'enum', enum: Tier, default: Tier.BRONZE })
-  @Index()
+  @Column({ type: 'enum', enum: Tier, default: Tier.BRONZE, enumName: 'tier_enum' })
+  @Index('IDX_user_progress_tier')
   tier: Tier;
 }
diff --git a/src/messaging/message.entity.ts b/src/messaging/message.entity.ts
index 0fd5dff8..55d0b109 100644
--- a/src/messaging/message.entity.ts
+++ b/src/messaging/message.entity.ts
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ export class Message {
   readAt: Date | null;
 
   // Optional relations for convenience (may be lazy loaded)
-  @ManyToOne(() => User, { eager: false })
+  @ManyToOne(() => User, { eager: false, onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
   @JoinColumn({ name: 'senderId' })
   sender: User;
 
-  @ManyToOne(() => User, { eager: false })
+  @ManyToOne(() => User, { eager: false, onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
   @JoinColumn({ name: 'recipientId' })
   recipient: User;
 }
diff --git a/src/migrations/1796000000000-reconcile-schema-drift.ts b/src/migrations/1796000000000-reconcile-schema-drift.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a5f2db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/migrations/1796000000000-reconcile-schema-drift.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+export class ReconcileSchemaDrift1796000000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  name = 'ReconcileSchemaDrift1796000000000';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_forum_votes_authorId_users"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_course_bulk_ops_initiator"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_levels_criterion"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_criteria_rubric"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_criterion_grades_grade"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_submission_grades_rubric"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_entity"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_ip_address"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."UQ_forum_votes_entityType_entityId_authorId"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "undone_by_id" uuid');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "reason" character varying(255)',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "notes" text');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD "version" integer NOT NULL DEFAULT \'1\'',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp"');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum" RENAME TO "audit_logs_action_enum_old"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      "CREATE TYPE \"public\".\"audit_logs_action_enum\" AS ENUM('LOGIN', 'LOGIN_FAILED', 'LOGOUT', 'REGISTER', 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST', 'PASSWORD_RESET', 'PASSWORD_CHANGE', 'EMAIL_VERIFIED', 'TOKEN_REFRESH', 'SESSION_EXPIRED', 'SESSION_REVOKED', 'USER_CREATED', 'USER_UPDATED', 'USER_DELETED', 'USER_ROLE_CHANGED', 'USER_STATUS_CHANGED', 'DATA_VIEWED', 'DATA_CREATED', 'DATA_UPDATED', 'DATA_DELETED', 'DATA_EXPORTED', 'DATA_IMPORTED', 'FILE_UPLOADED', 'FILE_DOWNLOADED', 'FILE_DELETED', 'FILE_SHARED', 'API_CALLED', 'API_RATE_LIMITED', 'API_ERROR', 'PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY', 'MFA_ENABLED', 'MFA_DISABLED', 'MFA_FAILED', 'CONFIG_CHANGED', 'SETTING_UPDATED', 'BACKUP_CREATED', 'BACKUP_RESTORED', 'RBAC_ROLE_ASSIGNED', 'RBAC_ROLE_REVOKED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_GRANTED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_REVOKED', 'RBAC_ROLE_CREATED', 'RBAC_ROLE_UPDATED', 'RBAC_ROLE_DELETED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_CREATED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_UPDATED', 'RBAC_PERMISSION_DELETED', 'DATA_RETENTION_APPLIED', 'AUDIT_LOG_EXPORTED', 'REPORT_GENERATED', 'PAYMENT_RECONCILIATION_MISMATCH')",
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ALTER COLUMN "action" TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum" USING "action"::"text"::"public"."audit_logs_action_enum"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course" DROP COLUMN "searchVector"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course" ALTER COLUMN "search_vector" SET NOT NULL');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      "INSERT INTO \"typeorm_metadata\"(\"database\", \"schema\", \"table\", \"type\", \"name\", \"value\") SELECT current_database(), 'public', 'course', 'GENERATED_COLUMN', 'search_vector', 'to_tsvector(''english'', coalesce(\"title\", '''') || '' '' || coalesce(\"description\", '''') || '' '' || coalesce(\"category\", ''''))'",
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_3dad32ba0ff20feee98b1b0c43" ON "lessons" ("title") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_633a748d9720d4c3c25f0fc120" ON "lessons" ("order") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_35fb2307535d90a6ed290af1f4" ON "lessons" ("module_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d80cf66830a0231b8104893b67" ON "lessons" ("deleted_at") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_65395710ac88af450c5123f030" ON "course_module" ("course_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fc17c7e94154a17e767b7674f1" ON "enrollment" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_dd1ce01d1164c8bbdda052ced7" ON "enrollment" ("course_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_46ad51ba4f4bb7db2817d75419" ON "enrollment" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_756e18fc1918b63fb4d79b4db6" ON "enrollment" ("enrolledAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d03f18ea29009de1e37a6d156b" ON "enrollment" ("course_id", "enrolledAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_91e3503740d174a4599e81ad8a" ON "enrollment" ("user_id", "enrolledAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d6e7a6c84587eb7809c5b910f8" ON "enrollment" ("course_id", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2c4377a3e7773772bf670eb47" ON "enrollment" ("user_id", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_1f69fdcbd7ea5f0e52c3230c00" ON "course_reviews" ("course_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_34cbd320b458b8cf9e0d580304" ON "course_versions" ("course_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac5edecc1aefa58ed0237a7ee4" ON "course" ("title") ');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_baccb82c6179dca139f6b8c768" ON "course" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_deca5c9911b3b2100b36106082" ON "course" ("instructor_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_2bd3a6327596cc908d574a8219" ON "course" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_72058429360b0daed61d94fb4f" ON "course" ("instructor_id", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_a27a3c9d6a41c0fa0fd1cb3f85" ON "course" ("status", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_da04f89054f39981438894dfe3" ON "permissions" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('CREATE INDEX "IDX_648e3f5447f725579d7d4ffdfb" ON "roles" ("name") ');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d018866397b1e7e78d03b4566" ON "roles" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('CREATE INDEX "IDX_97672ac88f789774dd47f7c8be" ON "users" ("email") ');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fe0bb3f6520ee0469504521e71" ON "users" ("username") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fab34e0791096b2a0a1bf8bd7f" ON "users" ("providerId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c58f7e88c286e5e3478960a998" ON "users" ("tenantId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_5fb386b7d3d50fd5657ef76c3d" ON "audit_logs" ("retention_until") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_ip_address" ON "audit_logs" ("ip_address", "timestamp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_entity" ON "audit_logs" ("entity_type", "entity_id", "timestamp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("action", "timestamp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('CREATE INDEX "IDX_2310ecc5cb8be427097154b18f" ON "tenants" ("slug") ');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_cfd29d0da332d5c46d9b073863" ON "tenant_usage_snapshots" ("tenantId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_616c8b49254550dbee7f917f3a" ON "tenant_usage_snapshots" ("tenantId", "period") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_42bbd07a91fea7e34f175b19fe" ON "tenant_customizations" ("tenantId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fd467ff7c6435655c8d715f221" ON "tenant_configs" ("tenantId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e20f751a4d8faf089b1922eaf5" ON "tenant_billing" ("tenantId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_dfc023bb093b1afcbc91798837" ON "user_quota_usage" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_69752e0d44a35a0dce9d9f06d0" ON "quota_definitions" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_8d5af5c5dbdc0d91ce1178a004" ON "quota_definitions" ("tier", "isActive") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_6ccf973355b70645eff37774de" ON "subscriptions" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d0a95ef8a28188364c546eb65c" ON "subscriptions" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_1a15756e257e0eaf01edc85645" ON "subscriptions" ("user_id", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_32b41cdb985a296213e9a928b5" ON "payments" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_427785468fb7d2733f59e7d7d3" ON "payments" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c5fa169d2de9407d99f2c6e4fa" ON "payments" ("course_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_743b9fb1d2a059f2f7860418e4" ON "payments" ("idempotencyKey") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2a89b63635ae2b4cc76f17a08" ON "payments" ("user_id", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_1b692560d438e5fc6edebbb27d" ON "refunds" ("idempotencyKey") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_8dacda0f101c97b73304ddf0fc" ON "instructor_payouts" ("instructor_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_7684def1bb4135f494082b34ee" ON "instructor_payouts" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e0a5c10dfd4a71af0f150204e9" ON "instructor_payout_profiles" ("instructor_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_580f1dbf7bceb9c2cde8baf7ff" ON "payment_methods" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fcd49f4739a516d59675b8134e" ON "payment_methods" ("userId", "isDefault") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_bf8e0f9dd4558ef209ec111782" ON "invoices" ("invoiceNumber") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac0f09364e3701d9ed35435288" ON "invoices" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_02781c49b25ceb502571f0315f" ON "invoices" ("payment_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_26daf5e433d6fb88ee32ce9363" ON "invoices" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_238b7a7accc697f9dc38bb2fa6" ON "onboarding_steps" ("slug") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_b76aaa5336dcdff6ca464044b6" ON "onboarding_steps" ("type") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_0cab16d7274814ef7b9b021c64" ON "onboarding_steps" ("order") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_4b459011ef4d3e4f8618b404c0" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d9da1249e3125778f926607e9d" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("step_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c0dda6108b7bbd68c6823d4983" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_cdef16da64ce64a5bf79062ec1" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("completedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_a0fa8c64807caecc993a5d399d" ON "user_onboarding_progress" ("user_id", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_b3676e630f8875765de2bd587e" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("name") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c93297fa63b08ac2e83972bd5a" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("type") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_b1cc4fe47a41d78d10f26589be" ON "onboarding_rewards" ("isActive") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_692a909ee0fa9383e7859f9b40" ON "notifications" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac27b070934c64650ab339f4c6" ON "notifications" ("updatedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_467f6869324eebd9de644f4c28" ON "content_reports" ("contentType") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_79782456f7ad0ce730435a950a" ON "content_reports" ("contentId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_0aababfebc5662624a4a66b639" ON "content_reports" ("reporter_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c001c66a488dafe7aa8aa19402" ON "content_reports" ("assigned_moderator_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ec4970e90eebcc7a16efb37816" ON "content_reports" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_6c7e0cec7358f74ca9222628a1" ON "content_reports" ("moderation_item_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_translations_namespace_locale" ON "translations" ("namespace", "locale") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_6e199fc01241bcb8ec806e0c6a" ON "incidents" ("detectedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e2102fc64215f0a1fcb9ad4879" ON "incidents" ("status", "severity") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_0c4a4e0584c4d08a779239d250" ON "runbook_executions" ("startedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_041cd4f77805d53e3408cb4ae6" ON "runbook_executions" ("incidentId", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_43bd09d8fa296ece993503b6f2" ON "remediation_actions" ("executedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_f9614fbc7820536559cdc65147" ON "remediation_actions" ("incidentId", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_b5d0e1b57bc6c761fb49e79bf8" ON "user_progress" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_014bd57abd7a916e466c5aaf80" ON "user_progress" ("totalPoints") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_7a5ad30aa2b8be04ca4a6d724a" ON "user_progress" ("level") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_22498516df46fa90e200915793" ON "user_progress" ("xp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c0085fb66787d45eb374ddef38" ON "badges" ("category") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_f1221d9b1aaa64b1f3c98ed46d" ON "user_badges" ("user_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_423597e129f4f9402c976acce2" ON "unsubscribe_tokens" ("token") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_428c3f972502e77d9e2c79051b" ON "unsubscribe_tokens" ("email") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_57833e6da94a22790e6913a509" ON "email_events" ("workflowId", "eventType") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_a07f0454cce5637fd109a105dd" ON "email_events" ("recipientId", "eventType") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_9036fb7240edcc5f620ceff406" ON "email_events" ("campaignId", "eventType") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_3f28c2b1ce5590ea0892267033" ON "campaign_recipients" ("campaignId", "status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d3e1023a52cb7875b6c10d3a15" ON "email_campaigns" ("name") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d9b4760e416c3767d44e5be0fd" ON "email_campaigns" ("subject") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ac1a8d28ac7e2f7aff92b57318" ON "email_campaigns" ("templateId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fc77d3d8f8101ab793cf17986f" ON "email_campaigns" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_862a5402a4d18274a07a2a7ccc" ON "email_campaigns" ("scheduledAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_5d23a7a8f43556bcd03a18a2b6" ON "email_campaigns" ("sentAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d3f089bf865364504bda9c2ff6" ON "archived_data" ("entityType") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e0b0b69779afb474ee220573c8" ON "archived_data" ("originalId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d16a377e285494ac71048f2b84" ON "archived_data" ("archivedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_92fd74dcbe9b1adad11ff3091d" ON "archived_data" ("entityType", "originalId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4b" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("undone_by_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d55d5b6642e4e9677c5af16b3" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_62e0da442361b07616d26593b3" ON "course_bulk_operations" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e00ea7965d1ed8c53b3c85a56e" ON "cohort_members" ("cohortId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_9360325be3f332793f1734704e" ON "cohort_members" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_e607ca8d8c3d11ccdc725a3dd0" ON "cohort_members" ("cohortId", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ba56e0a5617605dcc62cb33f11" ON "cohort_comments" ("threadId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_3d8ef5f5715cb3d50315007aee" ON "cohort_threads" ("cohortId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_177b41bfa4c6574e30e95da04e" ON "cohort_threads" ("cohortId", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_16a0f89062ed4edd4cce26cc5e" ON "cohort_assignments" ("cohortId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_c2e0f2c83c50446d23955dff0a" ON "cohort_assignments" ("cohortId", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('CREATE INDEX "IDX_d1865366170f468d8eb720f8c8" ON "cohorts" ("name") ');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_a8707945701186685e1b5e9c51" ON "content_metadata" ("expires_at") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_cd5b89a167f9f9821b70ff88bf" ON "content_metadata" ("content_type") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_21202b13906bffe54448b2a553" ON "content_metadata" ("status") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ee13cd8cabbac2258203bb1c95" ON "backup_records" ("completedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d2faa8fa665e7cdbd602d557df" ON "backup_records" ("region") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_1ff95d74c5186613b05e651802" ON "backup_records" ("status", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_f1d4afbdb77bbb26a461726b68" ON "recovery_tests" ("testCompletedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_66893187eeb7c3198e3d07c595" ON "recovery_tests" ("backup_record_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_06ed7514e57cb8bd0c09ce3be0" ON "recovery_tests" ("status", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_4185366a8d6033a3aad864621d" ON "assessment" ("title") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d146560603e5ee3716c519b103" ON "assessment" ("durationMinutes") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_3a50f773964d78f404d73bcb36" ON "assessment" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_91578dceeb42466b9285f29e4b" ON "question" ("type") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_5649f3ee460ee3d00ce2114fc5" ON "question" ("prompt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ec14ddf4e267af8aa908806a97" ON "question" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d6e8c39a1de2c9b659b227c9e6" ON "analytics_events" ("timestamp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_38c954e266791189dfd7b6ffc4" ON "analytics_events" ("eventType", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_d4b972aafe44b57154abba8db3" ON "analytics_events" ("user_id", "eventType", "createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_93f082fa43fdce4811582a4e3c" ON "achievement_progress" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_20adca3c4217744bfd8a485e98" ON "achievement_progress" ("achievementId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_629092c0eb5931f28a88932b45" ON "achievement_progress" ("isUnlocked") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_3ac6bc9da3e8a56f3f7082012d" ON "user_achievements" ("userId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_6a5a5816f54d0044ba5f3dc2b7" ON "user_achievements" ("achievementId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_1b62007f50cea2887ba68ea710" ON "user_achievements" ("unlockedAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_258ef1682aba959da9301e5dee" ON "achievement_statistics" ("achievementId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fb0b9985fcfe901ed223a5468a" ON "achievement_statistics" ("date") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_139af264ff823c0f6e17be7c8e" ON "achievement_statistics" ("achievementId", "date") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ef31ae63719e8ca42b0a658438" ON "webhook_retries" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_5ff375f35bf59b074f1a64f1b2" ON "webhook_retries" ("status", "nextRetryTime") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_ba7c709a66f7360180c4d1bcd9" ON "rubrics" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_82294735678621182b86847277" ON "feedback_templates" ("createdAt") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_dc2b9d46195bb3ed28abbf7c9e" ON "roles_permissions_permissions" ("rolesId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_fd4d5d4c7f7ff16c57549b72c6" ON "roles_permissions_permissions" ("permissionsId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_df951a64f09865171d2d7a502b" ON "users_roles_roles" ("usersId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_b2f0366aa9349789527e0c36d9" ON "users_roles_roles" ("rolesId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_63a6345d11ef40993abe0af7d7" CHECK ("failureCount" >= 0)',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_454249837abfcca2dce79a2941" CHECK ("successCount" >= 0)',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "CHK_dffedab4e655d35cc59b4ef18f" CHECK ("totalCount" >= 0)',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_930875619d15f219f30923b724c" FOREIGN KEY ("authorId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f994209" FOREIGN KEY ("initiated_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4bf" FOREIGN KEY ("undone_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e427" FOREIGN KEY ("criterion_id") REFERENCES "rubric_criteria"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057e" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4b" FOREIGN KEY ("grade_id") REFERENCES "submission_grades"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e103" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_37bd4055f0a14a276992573e103"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_e63fa5de1df5c92236101dcfc4b"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_67d38effbc57ecb21bc2901057e"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_8c0b069d24a8380f5356d22e427"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4bf"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_1af4ba5bb120d226b6a4f994209"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" DROP CONSTRAINT "FK_930875619d15f219f30923b724c"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_dffedab4e655d35cc59b4ef18f"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_454249837abfcca2dce79a2941"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP CONSTRAINT "CHK_63a6345d11ef40993abe0af7d7"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b2f0366aa9349789527e0c36d9"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_df951a64f09865171d2d7a502b"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fd4d5d4c7f7ff16c57549b72c6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dc2b9d46195bb3ed28abbf7c9e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_82294735678621182b86847277"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ba7c709a66f7360180c4d1bcd9"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5ff375f35bf59b074f1a64f1b2"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ef31ae63719e8ca42b0a658438"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_139af264ff823c0f6e17be7c8e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fb0b9985fcfe901ed223a5468a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_258ef1682aba959da9301e5dee"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1b62007f50cea2887ba68ea710"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6a5a5816f54d0044ba5f3dc2b7"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3ac6bc9da3e8a56f3f7082012d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_629092c0eb5931f28a88932b45"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_20adca3c4217744bfd8a485e98"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_93f082fa43fdce4811582a4e3c"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d4b972aafe44b57154abba8db3"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_38c954e266791189dfd7b6ffc4"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d6e8c39a1de2c9b659b227c9e6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ec14ddf4e267af8aa908806a97"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5649f3ee460ee3d00ce2114fc5"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_91578dceeb42466b9285f29e4b"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3a50f773964d78f404d73bcb36"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d146560603e5ee3716c519b103"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4185366a8d6033a3aad864621d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_06ed7514e57cb8bd0c09ce3be0"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_66893187eeb7c3198e3d07c595"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f1d4afbdb77bbb26a461726b68"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1ff95d74c5186613b05e651802"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d2faa8fa665e7cdbd602d557df"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ee13cd8cabbac2258203bb1c95"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_21202b13906bffe54448b2a553"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cd5b89a167f9f9821b70ff88bf"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a8707945701186685e1b5e9c51"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d1865366170f468d8eb720f8c8"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2e0f2c83c50446d23955dff0a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_16a0f89062ed4edd4cce26cc5e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_177b41bfa4c6574e30e95da04e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3d8ef5f5715cb3d50315007aee"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ba56e0a5617605dcc62cb33f11"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e607ca8d8c3d11ccdc725a3dd0"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_9360325be3f332793f1734704e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e00ea7965d1ed8c53b3c85a56e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_62e0da442361b07616d26593b3"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4d55d5b6642e4e9677c5af16b3"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_eda643b345dd73d5fc1a456a4b"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_92fd74dcbe9b1adad11ff3091d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d16a377e285494ac71048f2b84"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e0b0b69779afb474ee220573c8"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d3f089bf865364504bda9c2ff6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5d23a7a8f43556bcd03a18a2b6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_862a5402a4d18274a07a2a7ccc"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fc77d3d8f8101ab793cf17986f"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac1a8d28ac7e2f7aff92b57318"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d9b4760e416c3767d44e5be0fd"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d3e1023a52cb7875b6c10d3a15"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3f28c2b1ce5590ea0892267033"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_9036fb7240edcc5f620ceff406"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a07f0454cce5637fd109a105dd"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_57833e6da94a22790e6913a509"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_428c3f972502e77d9e2c79051b"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_423597e129f4f9402c976acce2"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f1221d9b1aaa64b1f3c98ed46d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c0085fb66787d45eb374ddef38"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_22498516df46fa90e200915793"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7a5ad30aa2b8be04ca4a6d724a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_014bd57abd7a916e466c5aaf80"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b5d0e1b57bc6c761fb49e79bf8"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_f9614fbc7820536559cdc65147"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_43bd09d8fa296ece993503b6f2"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_041cd4f77805d53e3408cb4ae6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0c4a4e0584c4d08a779239d250"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e2102fc64215f0a1fcb9ad4879"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6e199fc01241bcb8ec806e0c6a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_translations_namespace_locale"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6c7e0cec7358f74ca9222628a1"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ec4970e90eebcc7a16efb37816"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c001c66a488dafe7aa8aa19402"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0aababfebc5662624a4a66b639"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_79782456f7ad0ce730435a950a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_467f6869324eebd9de644f4c28"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac27b070934c64650ab339f4c6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_692a909ee0fa9383e7859f9b40"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b1cc4fe47a41d78d10f26589be"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c93297fa63b08ac2e83972bd5a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b3676e630f8875765de2bd587e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a0fa8c64807caecc993a5d399d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cdef16da64ce64a5bf79062ec1"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c0dda6108b7bbd68c6823d4983"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d9da1249e3125778f926607e9d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4b459011ef4d3e4f8618b404c0"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_0cab16d7274814ef7b9b021c64"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_b76aaa5336dcdff6ca464044b6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_238b7a7accc697f9dc38bb2fa6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_26daf5e433d6fb88ee32ce9363"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_02781c49b25ceb502571f0315f"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac0f09364e3701d9ed35435288"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_bf8e0f9dd4558ef209ec111782"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fcd49f4739a516d59675b8134e"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_580f1dbf7bceb9c2cde8baf7ff"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e0a5c10dfd4a71af0f150204e9"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_7684def1bb4135f494082b34ee"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_8dacda0f101c97b73304ddf0fc"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1b692560d438e5fc6edebbb27d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2a89b63635ae2b4cc76f17a08"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_743b9fb1d2a059f2f7860418e4"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c5fa169d2de9407d99f2c6e4fa"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_427785468fb7d2733f59e7d7d3"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_32b41cdb985a296213e9a928b5"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1a15756e257e0eaf01edc85645"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d0a95ef8a28188364c546eb65c"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_6ccf973355b70645eff37774de"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_8d5af5c5dbdc0d91ce1178a004"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_69752e0d44a35a0dce9d9f06d0"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dfc023bb093b1afcbc91798837"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_e20f751a4d8faf089b1922eaf5"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fd467ff7c6435655c8d715f221"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_42bbd07a91fea7e34f175b19fe"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_616c8b49254550dbee7f917f3a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_cfd29d0da332d5c46d9b073863"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_2310ecc5cb8be427097154b18f"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_entity"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_audit_logs_ip_address"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_5fb386b7d3d50fd5657ef76c3d"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c58f7e88c286e5e3478960a998"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fab34e0791096b2a0a1bf8bd7f"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fe0bb3f6520ee0469504521e71"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_97672ac88f789774dd47f7c8be"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_4d018866397b1e7e78d03b4566"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_648e3f5447f725579d7d4ffdfb"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_da04f89054f39981438894dfe3"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_a27a3c9d6a41c0fa0fd1cb3f85"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_72058429360b0daed61d94fb4f"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_2bd3a6327596cc908d574a8219"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_deca5c9911b3b2100b36106082"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_baccb82c6179dca139f6b8c768"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_ac5edecc1aefa58ed0237a7ee4"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_34cbd320b458b8cf9e0d580304"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_1f69fdcbd7ea5f0e52c3230c00"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_c2c4377a3e7773772bf670eb47"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d6e7a6c84587eb7809c5b910f8"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_91e3503740d174a4599e81ad8a"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d03f18ea29009de1e37a6d156b"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_756e18fc1918b63fb4d79b4db6"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_46ad51ba4f4bb7db2817d75419"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_dd1ce01d1164c8bbdda052ced7"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_fc17c7e94154a17e767b7674f1"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_65395710ac88af450c5123f030"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_d80cf66830a0231b8104893b67"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_35fb2307535d90a6ed290af1f4"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_633a748d9720d4c3c25f0fc120"');
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP INDEX "public"."IDX_3dad32ba0ff20feee98b1b0c43"');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      "CREATE TYPE \"public\".\"audit_logs_action_enum_old\" AS ENUM('LOGIN', 'LOGIN_FAILED', 'LOGOUT', 'REGISTER', 'PASSWORD_RESET_REQUEST', 'PASSWORD_RESET', 'PASSWORD_CHANGE', 'EMAIL_VERIFIED', 'TOKEN_REFRESH', 'SESSION_EXPIRED', 'SESSION_REVOKED', 'USER_CREATED', 'USER_UPDATED', 'USER_DELETED', 'USER_ROLE_CHANGED', 'USER_STATUS_CHANGED', 'DATA_VIEWED', 'DATA_CREATED', 'DATA_UPDATED', 'DATA_DELETED', 'DATA_EXPORTED', 'DATA_IMPORTED', 'FILE_UPLOADED', 'FILE_DOWNLOADED', 'FILE_DELETED', 'FILE_SHARED', 'API_CALLED', 'API_RATE_LIMITED', 'API_ERROR', 'PERMISSION_DENIED', 'SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY', 'MFA_ENABLED', 'MFA_DISABLED', 'MFA_FAILED', 'CONFIG_CHANGED', 'SETTING_UPDATED', 'BACKUP_CREATED', 'BACKUP_RESTORED', 'DATA_RETENTION_APPLIED', 'AUDIT_LOG_EXPORTED', 'REPORT_GENERATED')",
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "audit_logs" ALTER COLUMN "action" TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old" USING "action"::"text"::"public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('DROP TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum"');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TYPE "public"."audit_logs_action_enum_old" RENAME TO "audit_logs_action_enum"',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_action_timestamp" ON "audit_logs" ("action", "timestamp") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "version"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "notes"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "reason"');
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" DROP COLUMN "undone_by_id"');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "UQ_forum_votes_entityType_entityId_authorId" ON "forum_votes" ("entityType", "entityId", "authorId") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_ip_address" ON "audit_logs" ("ip_address") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'CREATE INDEX "IDX_audit_logs_entity" ON "audit_logs" ("entity_type", "entity_id") ',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "submission_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_submission_grades_rubric" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "criterion_grades" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_criterion_grades_grade" FOREIGN KEY ("grade_id") REFERENCES "submission_grades"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_criteria" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_criteria_rubric" FOREIGN KEY ("rubric_id") REFERENCES "rubrics"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "rubric_levels" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_rubric_levels_criterion" FOREIGN KEY ("criterion_id") REFERENCES "rubric_criteria"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "course_bulk_operations" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_course_bulk_ops_initiator" FOREIGN KEY ("initiated_by_id") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'ALTER TABLE "forum_votes" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_forum_votes_authorId_users" FOREIGN KEY ("authorId") REFERENCES "users"("id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      'DELETE FROM "typeorm_metadata" WHERE "type" = \'GENERATED_COLUMN\' AND "name" = \'search_vector\' AND "database" = current_database() AND "schema" = \'public\' AND "table" = \'course\'',
+    );
+    await queryRunner.query('ALTER TABLE "course" ALTER COLUMN "search_vector" DROP NOT NULL');
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      "ALTER TABLE \"course\" ADD \"searchVector\" tsvector GENERATED ALWAYS AS (to_tsvector('english', coalesce(\"title\", '') || ' ' || coalesce(\"description\", '') || ' ' || coalesce(\"category\", ''))) STORED",
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/user-preferences/entities/user-preference.entity.ts b/src/user-preferences/entities/user-preference.entity.ts
index 102e7fff..0013c057 100644
--- a/src/user-preferences/entities/user-preference.entity.ts
+++ b/src/user-preferences/entities/user-preference.entity.ts
@@ -57,19 +57,21 @@ export class UserPreference {
   language: AppLanguage;
 
   // NEW — REQUIRED FOR LOCALE FORMATTING
-  @Column({
-    type: 'enum',
-    enum: AppLocale,
-    default: AppLocale.EN_US,
-  })
-  locale: AppLocale;
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', default: 'en-US', nullable: true })
+  locale: string;
 
   // =========================
   // TIMEZONE SUPPORT (REQUIRED)
   // =========================
-  @Column({ default: 'UTC' })
+  @Column({ default: 'UTC', nullable: true })
   timezone: string; // e.g. Africa/Lagos, Europe/London
 
+  // =========================
+  // Currency preference
+  // =========================
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', default: 'USD', nullable: true })
+  currency: string;
+
   // =========================
   // Notification Settings
   // =========================
diff --git a/src/users/entities/user.entity.ts b/src/users/entities/user.entity.ts
index f5e9cc70..228df4e3 100644
--- a/src/users/entities/user.entity.ts
+++ b/src/users/entities/user.entity.ts
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ export class User {
   isEmailVerified: boolean;
 
   @Column({ nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_users_emailVerificationToken')
   emailVerificationToken?: string;
 
   @Column({ type: 'timestamp', nullable: true })
   emailVerificationExpires?: Date;
 
   @Column({ nullable: true })
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_users_passwordResetToken')
   passwordResetToken?: string;
 
   @Column({ type: 'timestamp', nullable: true })
@@ -127,6 +127,35 @@ export class User {
   @Column('text', { array: true, default: [] })
   mfaRecoveryCodes: string[];
 
+  // ── Localization ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  /** Billing country name (e.g. "Nigeria"). Populated by localization. */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', nullable: true })
+  country?: string;
+
+  /** ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (e.g. "DE"). */
+  @Column({ name: 'country_code', type: 'varchar', length: 2, nullable: true })
+  @Index('IDX_users_country_code')
+  countryCode?: string;
+
+  /** IANA timezone name (e.g. "Africa/Lagos"). */
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', nullable: true })
+  timezone?: string;
+
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', nullable: true })
+  city?: string;
+
+  /** Preferred currency code (ISO 4217). */
+  @Column({
+    name: 'preferred_currency',
+    type: 'varchar',
+    length: 3,
+    default: 'USD',
+    nullable: true,
+  })
+  @Index('IDX_users_preferred_currency')
+  preferredCurrency?: string;
+
   @ManyToMany(() => Role, (role) => role.users)
   @JoinTable()
   roles: Role[];
@@ -158,7 +187,7 @@ export class User {
   enrollments: Enrollment[];
 
   @CreateDateColumn()
-  @Index()
+  @Index('IDX_users_createdAt')
   createdAt: Date;
 
   @UpdateDateColumn()