diff --git a/armeria-backend/cats-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala b/armeria-backend/cats-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
index fa3b6c7e92..7f21ba0247 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/cats-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/cats-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ object ArmeriaCatsBackend {
   ): Resource[F, Backend[F]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(newClient(options), closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: Concurrent](client: WebClient): Resource[F, Backend[F]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(client, closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
diff --git a/armeria-backend/cats/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala b/armeria-backend/cats/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
index e6926edfd1..86603e6884 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/cats/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/cats/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/cats/ArmeriaCatsBackend.scala
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ object ArmeriaCatsBackend {
   ): Resource[F, Backend[F]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(newClient(options), closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: Async](client: WebClient): Resource[F, Backend[F]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(client, closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
diff --git a/armeria-backend/fs2-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala b/armeria-backend/fs2-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
index 2d3b665bec..831bc5bf9d 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/fs2-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/fs2-ce2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ object ArmeriaFs2Backend {
   ): Resource[F, StreamBackend[F, Fs2Streams[F]]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(newClient(options), closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: ConcurrentEffect](client: WebClient): Resource[F, StreamBackend[F, Fs2Streams[F]]] =
     Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(client, closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
 
diff --git a/armeria-backend/fs2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala b/armeria-backend/fs2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
index 48525db9fb..3b98fb421c 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/fs2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/fs2/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/fs2/ArmeriaFs2Backend.scala
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ object ArmeriaFs2Backend {
         Resource.make(Sync[F].delay(apply(newClient(options), closeFactory = true, dispatcher)))(_.close())
       )
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: Async](client: WebClient): Resource[F, StreamBackend[F, Fs2Streams[F]]] =
     Dispatcher
       .parallel[F]
diff --git a/armeria-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/monix/ArmeriaMonixBackend.scala b/armeria-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/monix/ArmeriaMonixBackend.scala
index 3a4c90cb7b..aaaede8985 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/monix/ArmeriaMonixBackend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/monix/ArmeriaMonixBackend.scala
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import sttp.client4.impl.monix.TaskMonadAsyncError
 import sttp.client4.wrappers.FollowRedirectsBackend
 import sttp.client4.{wrappers, BackendOptions, StreamBackend}
 import sttp.monad.MonadAsyncError
-import cats.effect.ExitCase
+import cats.effect.{ExitCase, Resource}
 
 private final class ArmeriaMonixBackend(client: WebClient, closeFactory: Boolean)(implicit scheduler: Scheduler)
     extends AbstractArmeriaBackend[Task, MonixStreams](client, closeFactory, TaskMonadAsyncError) {
@@ -54,6 +54,21 @@ object ArmeriaMonixBackend {
   ): StreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams] =
     apply(newClient(options), closeFactory = true)
 
+  /** @param scheduler The scheduler used for streaming request bodies. Defaults to the global scheduler. */
+  def resource(options: BackendOptions = BackendOptions.Default)(implicit
+      scheduler: Scheduler = Scheduler.global
+  ): Resource[Task, StreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams]] =
+    Resource.make(Task.eval(apply(options)))(_.close())
+
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the resource is released.
+    * @param scheduler
+    *   The scheduler used for streaming request bodies. Defaults to the global scheduler.
+    */
+  def resourceUsingClient(client: WebClient)(implicit
+      scheduler: Scheduler = Scheduler.global
+  ): Resource[Task, StreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams]] =
+    Resource.make(Task.eval(apply(client, closeFactory = true)))(_.close())
+
   /** @param scheduler The scheduler used for streaming request bodies. Defaults to the global scheduler. */
   def usingClient(client: WebClient)(implicit
       scheduler: Scheduler = Scheduler.global
diff --git a/armeria-backend/zio/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala b/armeria-backend/zio/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
index 5d7e124cab..e30c86f4a6 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/zio/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/zio/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ object ArmeriaZioBackend {
   ): ZIO[Scope, Throwable, StreamBackend[Task, ZioStreams]] =
     ZIO.acquireRelease(apply(options))(_.close().ignore)
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the scope is closed. */
   def scopedUsingClient(client: WebClient): ZIO[Scope, Throwable, StreamBackend[Task, ZioStreams]] =
     ZIO.acquireRelease(
       ZIO
diff --git a/armeria-backend/zio1/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala b/armeria-backend/zio1/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
index 93d92a2694..1861831ef1 100644
--- a/armeria-backend/zio1/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
+++ b/armeria-backend/zio1/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/armeria/zio/ArmeriaZioBackend.scala
@@ -58,6 +58,16 @@ object ArmeriaZioBackend {
   def managed(options: BackendOptions = BackendOptions.Default): TaskManaged[StreamBackend[Task, ZioStreams]] =
     ZManaged.make(apply(options))(_.close().ignore)
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client's `ClientFactory` is closed when the managed resource is
+    * released.
+    */
+  def managedUsingClient(client: WebClient): TaskManaged[StreamBackend[Task, ZioStreams]] =
+    ZManaged.make(
+      ZIO
+        .runtime[Any]
+        .map(runtime => apply(runtime, client, closeFactory = true))
+    )(_.close().ignore)
+
   def layer(options: BackendOptions = BackendOptions.Default): Layer[Throwable, SttpClient] =
     ZLayer.fromManaged(managed(options))
 
diff --git a/docs/backends/monix.md b/docs/backends/monix.md
index e5b9cd226b..ae4cac4d31 100644
--- a/docs/backends/monix.md
+++ b/docs/backends/monix.md
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ OkHttpMonixBackend.resource().use { backend => ??? }
 import okhttp3._
 val okHttpClient: OkHttpClient = ???
 val backend = OkHttpMonixBackend.usingClient(okHttpClient)
+
+// or, obtain a cats-effect Resource with a custom instance of the OkHttpClient:
+OkHttpMonixBackend.resourceUsingClient(okHttpClient).use { backend => ??? }
 ```
 
 This backend depends on [OkHttp](http://square.github.io/okhttp/) and fully supports HTTP/2.
@@ -90,6 +93,9 @@ create client:
 import monix.execution.Scheduler.Implicits.global
 val backend = ArmeriaMonixBackend()
 
+// or, if you'd like the backend to be wrapped in cats-effect Resource:
+ArmeriaMonixBackend.resource().use { backend => ??? }
+
 // You can use the default client which reuses the connection pool of ClientFactory.ofDefault()
 ArmeriaMonixBackend.usingDefaultClient()
 ```
@@ -108,6 +114,9 @@ val client = WebClient.builder("https://my-service.com")
              .build()
              
 val backend = ArmeriaMonixBackend.usingClient(client)
+
+// or, obtain a cats-effect Resource with a custom instance of the WebClient:
+ArmeriaMonixBackend.resourceUsingClient(client).use { backend => ??? }
 ```
 
 ```{note}
diff --git a/docs/backends/zio.md b/docs/backends/zio.md
index e64a7892d8..d67292c8c2 100644
--- a/docs/backends/zio.md
+++ b/docs/backends/zio.md
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ The `CurlZioBackend` companion object contains methods to create the backend dir
 
 When using constructors to express service dependencies, ZIO layers can be used to provide the `SttpBackend` instance, instead of creating one by hand. In this scenario, the lifecycle of a `SttpBackend` service is described by `ZLayer`s, which can be created using the `.layer`/`.layerUsingConfig`/... methods on `HttpClientZioBackend` / `ArmeriaZioBackend`.
 
+A layer created with `.layerUsingClient` closes the given client when the layer is released.
+
 The layers can be used to provide an implementation of the `SttpBackend` dependency when creating services. For example:
 
 ```scala mdoc:compile-only
diff --git a/effects/cats/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/cats/HttpClientCatsBackend.scala b/effects/cats/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/cats/HttpClientCatsBackend.scala
index 5698b94249..f6453f026a 100644
--- a/effects/cats/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/cats/HttpClientCatsBackend.scala
+++ b/effects/cats/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/cats/HttpClientCatsBackend.scala
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ object HttpClientCatsBackend {
         Resource.make(apply(dispatcher, options, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))(_.close())
       )
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: Async](
       client: HttpClient,
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
diff --git a/effects/fs2-ce2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala b/effects/fs2-ce2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
index 088443cb42..0fa96c7615 100644
--- a/effects/fs2-ce2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
+++ b/effects/fs2-ce2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ object HttpClientFs2Backend {
   ): Resource[F, WebSocketStreamBackend[F, Fs2Streams[F]]] =
     Resource.make(apply(blocker, options, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: ConcurrentEffect: ContextShift](
       client: HttpClient,
       blocker: Blocker,
diff --git a/effects/fs2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala b/effects/fs2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
index 63b05b1072..66117c1dd2 100644
--- a/effects/fs2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
+++ b/effects/fs2/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/fs2/HttpClientFs2Backend.scala
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ object HttpClientFs2Backend {
         Resource.make(apply(dispatcher, options, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))(_.close())
       )
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient[F[_]: Async](
       client: HttpClient,
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
diff --git a/effects/monix/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/monix/HttpClientMonixBackend.scala b/effects/monix/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/monix/HttpClientMonixBackend.scala
index af7c0a14b9..d775fa7214 100644
--- a/effects/monix/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/monix/HttpClientMonixBackend.scala
+++ b/effects/monix/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/monix/HttpClientMonixBackend.scala
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ object HttpClientMonixBackend {
   ): Resource[Task, WebSocketStreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams]] =
     Resource.make(apply(options, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the resource is released. */
   def resourceUsingClient(
       client: HttpClient,
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
diff --git a/effects/zio/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala b/effects/zio/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
index 1a75c1373a..fe198f5d36 100644
--- a/effects/zio/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
+++ b/effects/zio/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ object HttpClientZioBackend {
       _.close().ignore
     )
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the scope is closed. */
   def scopedUsingClient(
       client: HttpClient,
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
@@ -217,18 +218,7 @@ object HttpClientZioBackend {
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
       compressionHandlers: CompressionHandlers[ZioStreams, ZioStreams.BinaryStream] = DefaultCompressionHandlers
   ): ZLayer[Any, Throwable, SttpClient] =
-    ZLayer.scoped(
-      ZIO
-        .acquireRelease(
-          ZIO.attempt(
-            usingClient(
-              client,
-              customizeRequest,
-              compressionHandlers
-            )
-          )
-        )(_.close().ignore)
-    )
+    ZLayer.scoped(scopedUsingClient(client, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))
 
   /** Create a stub backend for testing, which uses the [[Task]] response wrapper, and supports `Stream[Throwable,
     * ByteBuffer]` streaming.
diff --git a/effects/zio1/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala b/effects/zio1/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
index 4fb72f0d35..96c5123b85 100644
--- a/effects/zio1/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
+++ b/effects/zio1/src/main/scalajvm/sttp/client4/httpclient/zio/HttpClientZioBackend.scala
@@ -171,6 +171,16 @@ object HttpClientZioBackend {
       _.close().ignore
     )
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the managed resource is released. */
+  def managedUsingClient(
+      client: HttpClient,
+      customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
+      compressionHandlers: CompressionHandlers[ZioStreams, ZioStreams.BinaryStream] = DefaultCompressionHandlers
+  ): ZManaged[Any, Throwable, WebSocketStreamBackend[Task, ZioStreams]] =
+    ZManaged.make(
+      ZIO.effect(HttpClientZioBackend(client, closeClient = true, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))
+    )(_.close().ignore)
+
   def layer(
       options: BackendOptions = BackendOptions.Default,
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
@@ -203,16 +213,7 @@ object HttpClientZioBackend {
       customizeRequest: HttpRequest => HttpRequest = identity,
       compressionHandlers: CompressionHandlers[ZioStreams, ZioStreams.BinaryStream] = DefaultCompressionHandlers
   ): ZLayer[Any, Throwable, SttpClient] =
-    ZLayer.fromManaged(
-      ZManaged
-        .makeEffect(
-          usingClient(
-            client,
-            customizeRequest,
-            compressionHandlers
-          )
-        )(_.close().ignore)
-    )
+    ZLayer.fromManaged(managedUsingClient(client, customizeRequest, compressionHandlers))
 
   /** Create a stub backend for testing, which uses the [[Task]] response wrapper, and supports `Stream[Throwable,
     * ByteBuffer]` streaming.
diff --git a/okhttp-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/okhttp/monix/OkHttpMonixBackend.scala b/okhttp-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/okhttp/monix/OkHttpMonixBackend.scala
index 74db37f35a..6b963320ae 100644
--- a/okhttp-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/okhttp/monix/OkHttpMonixBackend.scala
+++ b/okhttp-backend/monix/src/main/scala/sttp/client4/okhttp/monix/OkHttpMonixBackend.scala
@@ -161,6 +161,18 @@ object OkHttpMonixBackend {
   ): Resource[Task, WebSocketStreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams]] =
     Resource.make(apply(options, compressionHandlers, webSocketBufferCapacity))(_.close())
 
+  /** Creates a backend using the given client. The client is closed when the resource is released. */
+  def resourceUsingClient(
+      client: OkHttpClient,
+      compressionHandlers: CompressionHandlers[Any, InputStream] = DefaultCompressionHandlers,
+      webSocketBufferCapacity: Option[Int] = OkHttpBackend.DefaultWebSocketBufferCapacity
+  )(implicit
+      s: Scheduler = Scheduler.global
+  ): Resource[Task, WebSocketStreamBackend[Task, MonixStreams]] =
+    Resource.make(
+      Task.eval(OkHttpMonixBackend(client, closeClient = true, compressionHandlers, webSocketBufferCapacity)(s))
+    )(_.close())
+
   def usingClient(
       client: OkHttpClient,
       compressionHandlers: CompressionHandlers[Any, InputStream] = DefaultCompressionHandlers,