fix(ha): bound persisted sensor states to column width

[ichwars]

Description

Prevent oversized Home Assistant states from aborting a PostgreSQL sensor polling batch.

Related Issue

Closes #143

Changes Made

• Share the existing 64-character column limit between the model and persistence code.
• Truncate only persisted state in both batch polling and single-sensor refresh; compare bounded values after a cold start and prior raw readings when available so last_changed tracks real changes without churning.
• Preserve full readings for evaluation/cache and retain existing fail-open/fail-closed, freshness, notification and audited override semantics.
• Add regression coverage for long text, invalid numeric states, long valid numeric evaluation and unaffected peer sensors. Run the database regression against SQLite and the existing live PostgreSQL 16 CI service.

Documentation

• No docs update required — internal persistence bug fix; no new configuration, schema migration or public API. Optional storage-location sensors remain outside scope.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• Test addition or update

Testing

• Focused HA manager, scheduler interlock and API/database tests: 73 passed, 1 skipped locally (live PostgreSQL requires CI service).
• Backend Ruff lint and format checks.
• Repository source size budget (1,774 files), dependency boundaries, diff whitespace and PrintOps domain guard.
• Live PostgreSQL 16 CI on 2a447f954: migration test and both SQLite/PostgreSQL sensor regressions passed, with no skips.
• Full local backend regression on 2a447f954: 8,630 passed, 255 skipped, 5 warnings in 428.92s (pytest backend/tests/ -q --tb=short -n 4).
• All 24 jobs across CI, Security Audit and CodeQL passed on 2a447f954.
• Final production-container integration suite: 2,950 passed, 171 skipped, 4 warnings in 805.04s. Container health/API/static delivery and non-root/capability checks passed.
• Review finding reproduced, fixed and resolved; four added transition regressions cover both persistence paths.

Additional Notes

Selective adaptation of the state-width fix referenced by maziggy/bambuddy@54af3146a; no bulk upstream import. Existing user changes in static/ are excluded.

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Review	Status	Commit	Review trigger
📝 Code Review	✅ Completed 2026-09-08T08:19:43.510069Z	00f4ceb	PR opened

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