[CMAKE] Upgrade gRPC to 1.83.1

[dbarker]

Contributes to #4506
Maybe helps with #4273

Changes

• upgrade gRPC to 1.83.1 for the CMake builds

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 83.25%. Comparing base (ed49dd3) to head (7718c7f).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4505   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   83.25%   83.25%           
=======================================
  Files         521      521           
  Lines       20381    20381           
=======================================
  Hits        16966    16966           
  Misses       3415     3415           

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