ci: stabilize optional backend workflows

.github/workflows/build_wheel.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ jobs:
           # https://github.com/pypa/setuptools_scm/issues/480
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Install uv
-        run: curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -LsSf https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/releases/download/0.2.24/uv-installer.sh | sh
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c771a70e6277c0a99b617c7a806ffedaca235ff9 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          version: "0.12.0"
         if: runner.os != 'Linux'
       - name: Build wheels
         uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v4.1
@@ -68,6 +70,9 @@ jobs:
           CUDA_VERSION: ${{ matrix.cuda_version }}
           DP_PKG_NAME: ${{ matrix.dp_pkg_name }}
           CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: "build[uv]"
+          # uv defaults to 50 concurrent downloads, which can exhaust the
+          # macOS runner's socket buffers while installing wheel test extras.
+          UV_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS: ${{ startsWith(matrix.platform_id, 'macosx_') && '8' || '50' }}
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: cibw-cp${{ matrix.python }}-${{ matrix.platform_id }}-cu${{ matrix.cuda_version }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}

.github/workflows/test_cc.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@ jobs:
   testcc:
     name: Test C++
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.check_memleak == false && github.repository_owner == 'deepmodeling' && 'cpu' || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+    # Paddle's external interface download is occasionally unavailable. Keep
+    # exercising these configurations without making that outage blocking.
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.enable_paddle }}
     strategy:
+      # An allowed Paddle failure must not cancel the other backend jobs.
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         # Only regular jobs run the LAMMPS tests. Use self-hosted CPU runners
         # for those jobs in deepmodeling, with a hosted fallback for forks.

.github/workflows/test_cuda.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 name: Test CUDA
+env:
+  # Temporarily disable Paddle in CUDA CI while its external downloads are
+  # unreliable. Keep this switch explicit so the coverage can be restored.
+  DP_CI_ALLOW_MISSING_PADDLE: "1"
+  DP_ENABLE_PADDLE: "0"
 jobs:
   test_python:
     name: Test Python on CUDA
@@ -53,7 +58,6 @@ jobs:
       - run: |
           export PYTORCH_ROOT=$(python -c 'import torch;print(torch.__path__[0])')
           export TENSORFLOW_ROOT=$(python -c 'import importlib.util,pathlib;print(pathlib.Path(importlib.util.find_spec("tensorflow").origin).parent)')
-          pip install --find-links "https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/packages/nightly/cu126/paddlepaddle-gpu/" --index-url https://pypi.org/simple --trusted-host www.paddlepaddle.org.cn --trusted-host paddlepaddle.org.cn "paddlepaddle-gpu==3.4.0.dev20260310"
           source/install/uv_with_retry.sh pip install --system -v -e .[gpu,test,lmp,cu12,torch,jax] mpi4py --reinstall-package deepmd-kit
           # See https://github.com/jax-ml/jax/issues/29042
           source/install/uv_with_retry.sh pip install --system -U 'nvidia-cublas-cu12>=12.9.0.13'
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
           DP_ENABLE_NATIVE_OPTIMIZATION: 1
           DP_ENABLE_PYTORCH: 1
       - run: dp --version
-      - run: python -m pytest source/tests
+      - run: python -m pytest source/tests --ignore=source/tests/pd
         env:
           NUM_WORKERS: 0
           CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: 0
@@ -106,7 +110,6 @@ jobs:
       - run: |
           export PYTORCH_ROOT=$(python -c 'import torch;print(torch.__path__[0])')
           export TENSORFLOW_ROOT=$(python -c 'import importlib.util,pathlib;print(pathlib.Path(importlib.util.find_spec("tensorflow").origin).parent)')
-          pip install --find-links "https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/packages/nightly/cu126/paddlepaddle-gpu/" --index-url https://pypi.org/simple --trusted-host www.paddlepaddle.org.cn --trusted-host paddlepaddle.org.cn "paddlepaddle-gpu==3.4.0.dev20260310"
           source/install/uv_with_retry.sh pip install --system -v -e .[gpu,test,lmp,cu12,torch,jax] mpi4py --reinstall-package deepmd-kit
           # See https://github.com/jax-ml/jax/issues/29042
           source/install/uv_with_retry.sh pip install --system -U 'nvidia-cublas-cu12>=12.9.0.13'
@@ -127,12 +130,10 @@ jobs:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
           DP_VARIANT: cuda
           DP_USE_MPICH2: 1
+          ENABLE_PADDLE: FALSE
       - run: |
           export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CUDA_PATH/lib64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dp_test/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
           export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dp_test/bin:$PATH
-          cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/source/build_tests/paddle_inference_install_dir/paddle/lib/* $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dp_test/lib/
-          cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/source/build_tests/paddle_inference_install_dir/third_party/install/onednn/lib/* $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dp_test/lib/
-          cp $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/source/build_tests/paddle_inference_install_dir/third_party/install/mklml/lib/* $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dp_test/lib/
           python -m pytest -s source/lmp/tests || (cat log.lammps && exit 1)
           python -m pytest source/ipi/tests
         env:
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ jobs:
           TF_INTER_OP_PARALLELISM_THREADS: 1
           LAMMPS_PLUGIN_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}/dp_test/lib/deepmd_lmp
           CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: 0
+          ENABLE_PADDLE: 0
   pass:
     name: Pass testing on CUDA
     needs: [test_python, test_cc]

source/tests/consistent/common.py

@@ -62,11 +62,16 @@
 INSTALLED_JAX = Backend.get_backend("jax")().is_available()
 INSTALLED_PD = Backend.get_backend("paddle")().is_available()
 INSTALLED_ARRAY_API_STRICT = find_spec("array_api_strict") is not None
+# CUDA CI may explicitly omit Paddle while its external artifacts are
+# unavailable, without disabling the remaining cross-backend checks.
+CI_ALLOW_MISSING_PADDLE = os.environ.get("DP_CI_ALLOW_MISSING_PADDLE") == "1"
 
 if (
     os.environ.get("CI")
     and not RUN_TF2_BACKEND_TESTS
-    and not (INSTALLED_TF and INSTALLED_PT and INSTALLED_PD)
+    and not (
+        INSTALLED_TF and INSTALLED_PT and (INSTALLED_PD or CI_ALLOW_MISSING_PADDLE)
+    )
 ):
     raise ImportError("TensorFlow, PyTorch or Paddle should be tested in the CI")